Role of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease

DeMorrow, Sharon

doi:10.3390/ijms19040986

Cited by 65 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The hypothalamus is a highly conserved part of the brain across taxa [117][118][119][120][121] . One of the interesting features of this unit, is that it provides the interface of communication between the brain and the pituitary 122, 123the "master" endocrine gland responsible for the release of numerous hormones necessary for physiological homeostatic regulation [124][125][126][127][128] .…”

Section: The Hypothalamus As a Brain Centermentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy

et al. 2018

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Intermale aggression is used to establish social rank. Several neuronal populations have been implicated in aggression, but the circuit mechanisms that shape this innate behavior and coordinate its different components (including attack execution and reward) remain elusive. We show that dopamine transporter-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv neurons) organize goal-oriented aggression in male mice. Activation of PMv neurons triggers attack behavior; silencing these neurons interrupts attacks. Regenerative PMv membrane conductances interacting with recurrent and reciprocal excitation explain how a brief trigger can elicit a long-lasting response (hysteresis). PMv projections to the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic and the supramammillary nuclei control attack execution and aggression reward, respectively. Brief manipulation of PMv activity switched the dominance relationship between males, an effect persisting for weeks. These results identify a network structure anchored in PMv neurons that organizes aggressive behavior and, as a consequence, determines intermale hierarchy.

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Section: The Hypothalamus As a Brain Centermentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy

et al. 2018

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“…To obtain indication of microstructural changes in the full brain correlated with these physiological and behavioral differences, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of brains collected on Day28 to analyze brain-wide microstructural differences (Figure 2, D to G; Supplemental Figures 1 to 4): Rather than a structural change in the hypothalamus which modulates CORT (DeMorrow et al, 2018), significant differences mainly occurred in both neocortex and hippocampus. For ParObsIso mice, compared with xScenIso mice, their DTI-based fractional anisotropy (FA; Figure 2D) was lower in anterior cerebral cortical areas including the primary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and orbital cortex, but higher in posterior cerebral cortical areas including the retrosplenial cortex and the primary visual cortex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of PTSD-like behavior in adult mice after observing an acute traumatic event

Stephens

Kühn

2018

Preprint

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“…The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis describes complex mechanisms modulating various physiological processes such as the body’s response to stress, glucose metabolism, and immune functioning mediated by release of key regulatory molecules, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol, to maintain homeostasis [ 9 ]. Stress has been shown as a potential factor contributing to the development and progression of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa [ 10 ].…”

Section: Neuroendocrine System—the Role In An-linked Cardiovasculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Neuroendocrine, Immune, and Autonomic Nervous System in Anorexia Nervosa-Linked Cardiovascular Diseases

Sekaninova

Olexova

Višňovcová

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Anorexia nervosa represents a severe mental disorder associated with food avoidance and malnutrition. In patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular complications are the main reason leading to morbidity and mortality. However, the origin and pathological mechanisms leading to higher cardiovascular risk in anorexia nervosa are still unclear. In this aspect, the issue of exact pathological mechanisms as well as sensitive biomarkers for detection of anorexia nervosa-linked cardiovascular risk are discussed. Therefore, this review synthesised recent evidence of dysfunction in multiple neuroendocrine axes and alterations in the immune system that may represent anorexia nervosa-linked pathological mechanisms contributing to complex cardiovascular dysregulation. Further, this review is focused on identification of non-invasive biomarkers for the assessment of increased cardiovascular risk in anorexia nervosa that can be linked to a clinical application. Complex non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic regulation—cardiac vagal control (heart rate variability), sympathetic vascular activity (blood pressure variability), and cardiovascular reflex control (baroreflex sensitivity)—could represent a promising tool for early diagnosis, personalized therapy, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions in anorexia nervosa particularly at a vulnerable adolescent age.

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Role of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease

Abstract: The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis describes a complex set of positive and negative feedback influences between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.[...]

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy

A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy

Development of PTSD-like behavior in adult mice after observing an acute traumatic event

Role of Neuroendocrine, Immune, and Autonomic Nervous System in Anorexia Nervosa-Linked Cardiovascular Diseases

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