The hemoprotective effect of perfluorocarbons was studied by examining the surface architectonics of red cells during exposure of the blood to perfluorodecalin and contact oxygenation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an appeciable increase in the percentage of damaged erythrocytes directly exposed to oxygen in a contact oxygenator. Interaction between blood and perfluorodecalin not only does not impair the morphology of the blood, but also prevents untoward effects of subsequent contact oxygenation. Fluorocarbon treatment of the blood gives rise to a number (up to 17-18%) of special cells, which morphologically represent somewhat altered normocytes with increased resistance, this reflecting a specific reaction of the blood to perfluorodecalin.