Role of the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator Resolvin D1 in Hashimotoʼs Thyroiditis

Abstract

Objective Resolvins are produced by the catabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and play vital roles in inflammation resolution. Resolvins have been associated with autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to measure the level of Resolvin D1 (RVD1) in the serum of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to further analyse its correlation with thyroid autoantibodies and inflammatory factors. Methods Sixty-three participants were recruited, namely, 30 untreated HT patients and 33 sex- and age-matched HCs. Serum RVD1 and inflammatory chemokine (MCP-1 and IP-10) levels were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Serum total T3 (TT3), TT4, free T3 (FT3), FT4, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Thyroid homeostasis parameters, including the thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), the total deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD), Jostel’s TSH index (TSHI) and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI), were calculated. Results Serum RVD1 levels in HT patients (134.76, 85.35–201.36 pg/mL) were significantly lower than those in HCs (187.64, 131.01–326.85 pg/mL) (P=0.004). As the TPOAb level increased, the RVD1 level showed a decreasing trend (P for trend=0.002). Both multinomial and ordinal logistics analyses revealed that serum RVD1 levels were negatively correlated with TPOAb levels in the adjusted models. Moreover, RVD1 showed a negative correlation with the inflammatory chemokine IP-1 0 (r=–0.276, P=0.034), TSHI (r=–0.269, P=0.036) and TTSI (r=–0.277, P=0.031). Conclusions Thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with low levels of RVD1. Decreased RVD1 levels indicate impaired resolution of inflammation in HT patients.

Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

“…Concerning the mechanism behind the protection from/amelioration of AIT and the decrease in serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies caused by the omega-3 PUFA, two recent studies point to the involvement of resolvins ( 133 , 134 ). Resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, and protectins are specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), which are downstream derivatives of PUFA ( 133 ).…”

“…In another article, Song et al. ( 134 ) addressed RVD1 (7S, 8R, 17S-trihydroxy-4Z, 9E, 11E, 13Z, 15E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) by measuring its serum levels in 30 patients with HT and 33 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of RVD1 in patients were significantly lower than in controls (median and IQR= 134.76, 85.35-201.36 pg/mL vs 187.64, 131.01-326.85 pg/mL).…”

“…There was a significantly negative correlation between the TPOAb levels and the RVD1 levels. The authors also measured serum levels of the inflammatory chemokine IP-10/CXCL-10, and found that this chemokine had a significant negative association with TPOAb in the patients ( 134 ). Noteworthy, the administration of DHA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg) combined with T3 (0.05 mg/kg) to rats increased significantly the content of RVD1 and RVD2 in the liver, but left unchanged that of RVE1 and RVE2, indicating a synergistic effect compared to treatment with DHA alone and T3 alone ( 118 ).…”