The mechanisms through which immune responses are generated against solid cancers are well-characterized, and knowledge of the immune evasion pathways exploited by these malignancies has grown considerably. However, for hematological cancers, which develop and disseminate quite differently than solid tumors, the pathways which regulate immune activation or tolerance are less clear. Growing evidence suggests that, while a number of immune escape pathways are shared between hematological and solid malignancies, there are several unique pathways exploited by leukemia and lymphoma. Below, we discuss immune evasion mechanisms in leukemia and lymphoma, highlighting key differences from solid tumors. A more complete characterization of the mechanisms of immune tolerance in hematological malignancies is critical to inform the development of future immunotherapy approaches.