Role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in prolactin-producing cell models

Kanasaki, Haruhiko; Oride, Aki; Mijiddorj, Tselmeg; Kyo, Satoru

doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.08.001

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Elevated prolactin may result from untreated hypothyroidism because hypothalamic thyrotropinreleasing hormone, which is commonly elevated in hypothyroidism, stimulates both prolactin synthesis and release from the pituitary. 29 Hypothyroidism is associated with hypertension and elevations in HDL cholesterol. 30,31 Nevertheless, this mechanism is speculative.…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Therkelsen

Abraham

Pedley

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundProlactin is an anterior pituitary hormone that may modulate the adverse effects of obesity. Prolactin has been associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, but less is known about whether prolactin predicts incidence of cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods and ResultsOur sample (n=3232, mean age 40.4 years, 52.1% women) was drawn from Framingham Heart Study participants who attended 2 examinations an average of 6.1 years apart. After excluding those with elevated prolactin (>30 mg/dL for women, >20 mg/dL for men), multivariable‐adjusted regressions modeled the associations between baseline prolactin and changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline value of the risk factor, smoking status, hormone replacement therapy, and menopausal status and additionally for body mass index. Mean prolactin levels were 11.9 mg/dL (SD 5.2) in women and 8.0 mg/dL (SD 2.9) in men. No associations were observed for change in weight, body composition, total cholesterol, triglycerides, or fasting glucose. In women, for example, for each 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin, odds of incident hypercholesterolemia were 1.06, which was not significant (95% CI 0.91–1.23, P=0.46). Some exceptions were of note. In women, for each 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin, we observed increased odds of low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol at follow‐up (odds ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.18–1.91, P=0.001) that persisted after adjustment for body mass index (P=0.001). In men, a 5‐mg/dL increment in prolactin was associated with increased odds of incident hypertension (odds ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.18–2.20 P=0.002) and incident diabetes (odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.04–2.78, P=0.03).ConclusionsProlactin is not associated with a comprehensive panel of incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. Measurement of circulating prolactin levels in the community likely does not provide substantial insight into cardiometabolic risk.

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Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Therkelsen

Abraham

Pedley

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…At present, we lack insight into the causes of these phenotypes. TRH can regulate prolactin and GH secretion [ 46 ]. It is therefore tempting to speculate that reductions in Trhr1 expression in lactotropes and somatotropes might also explain alterations in prolactin and GH in some IGSF1-deficient individuals.…”

Section: Future Directions: Addressing the “Known Unknowns”mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Consternation to Revelation: Discovery of a Role for IGSF1 in Pituitary Control of Thyroid Function

Bernard

Brûlé

Smith

et al. 2018

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in the mammalian pituitary gland. Shortly after its discovery in 1998, the protein was proposed to function as a coreceptor for inhibins (and was even temporarily renamed inhibin binding protein). However, subsequent investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, failed to support a role for IGSF1 in inhibin action. Research on IGSF1 nearly ground to a halt until 2011, when next-generation sequencing identified mutations in the X-linked IGSF1 gene in boys and men with congenital central hypothyroidism. IGSF1 was localized to thyrotrope cells, implicating the protein in pituitary control of the thyroid. Investigations in two Igsf1 knockout mouse models converged to show that IGSF1 deficiency leads to reduced expression of the receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and impaired TRH stimulation of thyrotropin secretion, providing a candidate mechanism for the central hypothyroidism observed in patients. Nevertheless, the normal functions of IGSF1 in thyrotropes and other cells remain unresolved. Moreover, IGSF1 mutations are also commonly associated with other clinical phenotypes, including prolactin and growth hormone dysregulation, and macroorchidism. How the loss of IGSF1 produces these characteristics is unknown. Although early studies of IGSF1 ran into roadblocks and blind alleys, armed with the results of detailed clinical investigations, powerful mouse models, and new reagents, the field is now poised to discover IGSF1’s function in endocrine tissues, including the pituitary and testes.

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“…Некоторые нейропептиды способствуют секреции нескольких гормонов гипофиза. Например, тиреотропин-рилизинг гормон (ТрГ) увеличивает секрецию не только тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), но и пролактина [9], а при некоторых условиях способен индуцировать секрецию адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ) [10] и гормона роста. Соматостатин ингибирует секрецию гормона роста, ТТГ и широкого спектра негипофизарных гормонов.…”

Section: теория нейросекрецииunclassified

Importance of neurotransmitters in the regulation of the reproductive system

et al. 2020

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Hypothesis/aims of study. Recently, due to empowering the improvement of care for patients with traumatic brain injury and creating effective methods of intensive therapy for severe brain lesions of various genesis, there has been a tendency towards an increased number of patients who have gone out of a coma into an unconscious state a vegetative state or an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (BS / UWS). The functions of the brain stem and hypothalamus in patients in a BS / UWS are preserved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of the relationship between the regulation of sex steroid hormones and the secretion of neurotransmitters. Study design, materials and methods. The study was performed using systematic analysis and compilation of literature data obtained by foreign and domestic authors over the period from 1931 to 2018. Results. This article reviews publications covering the relationship between the regulation of sex steroid hormones and the secretion of neurotransmitters, as well as their effect on the reproductive system. The theory of neurosecretion depicting the mechanisms of positive and negative feedback of the synthesis of neurotransmitters and sex steroid hormones, and the characteristics of the secretion machineries for sex hormones with normogonadotropic and hypogonadotropic pituitary insufficiency, and nonendocrine manifestations of the pathology of the hypothalamus is highlighted in this review. Conclusion. The hormonal profile of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness remains almost unstudied. A further study of the hormonal profile in this patient category will create the prerequisites for the development of pathogenetically substantiated hormone-modifying replacement therapy, which may have a positive effect on the dynamics of recovery of consciousness and improve treatment outcomes.

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Role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in prolactin-producing cell models

Cited by 38 publications

References 56 publications

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Association Between Prolactin and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

From Consternation to Revelation: Discovery of a Role for IGSF1 in Pituitary Control of Thyroid Function

Importance of neurotransmitters in the regulation of the reproductive system

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