Role of Time Synchronization in Power System Automation and Smart Grids

Aweya, James; Sindi, Nayef Al

doi:10.1109/icit.2013.6505875

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This CPT allowed for testing the detection functionality for various fault-locator devices. A synchrophasor or phasor measurement unit (PMU), on the other hand, measures the magnitude and phase angle to determine the health of the electrical grid and only requires 30 observations per second [50]. Adikari et al built a CPT to explore PMUcontrol interactions with the power grid by leveraging RTDS and various PMU HIL possibilities [51].…”

Section: Timing and Data Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocolbased time synchronization uses network-based time-distribution protocols such as the Network Time Protocol (NTP). Popular methods currently used for time distribution in smart grids described here are summarized in Table 3: • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a system of satellites with global coverage, facilitating geospatial positioning and precise time [50]. GNSS is an American company.…”

Section: Timing and Data Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

et al. 2021

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Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are an integral part of modern society; thus, enhancing these systems’ reliability and resilience is paramount. Cyber–physical testbeds (CPTs) are a safe way to test and explore the interplay between the cyber and physical domains and to cost-effectively enhance the reliability and resilience of CPSs. Here a review of CPT elements, broken down into physical components (simulators, emulators, and physical hardware), soft components (communication protocols, network timing protocols), and user interfaces (visualization-dashboard design considerations) is presented. Various methods used to validate CPS performance are reviewed and evaluated for potential applications in CPT performance validation. Last, initial simulated results for a CPT design, based on the IEEE 33 bus system, are presented, along with a brief discussion on how model-based testing and fault–injection-based testing (using scaling and ramp-type attacks) may be used to help validate CPT performance.

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Section: Timing and Data Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing and Data Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

et al. 2021

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“…However, the PMUs need to be co-located to avoid communication delays. Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) are being employed in the power industry for real-time measurements of different grid parameter [12], [13]. Current systems, such as SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)/EMS (energy management systems), do not provide efficient solutions in the case of cascading because these systems are designed to act locally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gossip algorithm based clock synchronization scheme for smart grid applications

Parvez

Sarwat

Pinto

et al. 2017

2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)

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The uprising interest in multi-agent based networked system, and the numerous number of applications in the distributed control of the smart grid leads us to address the problem of time synchronization in the smart grid. Utility companies look for new packet based time synchronization solutions with Global Positioning System (GPS) level accuracies beyond traditional packet methods such as Network Time Protocol (NTP). However GPS based solutions have poor reception in indoor environments and dense urban canyons as well as GPS antenna installation might be costly. Some smart grid nodes such as Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), fault detection, Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) etc., requires synchronous accuracy as low as 1 ms. On the other hand, 1 sec accuracy is acceptable in management information domain. Acknowledging this, in this study, we introduce gossip algorithm based clock synchronization method among network entities from the decision control and communication point of view. Our method synchronizes clock within dense network with a bandwidth limited environment. Our technique has been tested in different kinds of network topologies-complete, star and random geometric network and demonstrated satisfactory performance.

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“…Priključenje obnovljivih izvora energije intermitentne prirode može dovesti do naglih promena naponskih prilika i tokova snaga u EES-u ugrožavajući stabilnost sistema. To je jedan od razloga zašto je potrebno da sinhronizovanost i preciznost merenja budu na visokom nivou čineći Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) koji predstavlja tehnologiju za unapređenje uvida u stanje EES-a [1].…”

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Optimalno pozicioniranje sinhrofazorskih jedinica primenom genetičkog algoritma

Obradović¹,

Dobrić²

2022

EEE

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Energy transition implies a larger share of the intermittent renewable energy sources connected to the power grid. These utilities can change their production within a short period of time, thus, significantly affecting the voltage conditions and load flows in the grid. This adds to the complexity in achieving required reliability and stability of the system. Proper and timely insight into the grid parameters plays an important role in regulation of such power system. Implementation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provides information about electrical parameters of the grid with as much as microsecond precision. Therefore, possible occurring dynamical processes could also be observed and regulated in a proper manner. Considering PMU can give information regarding voltage phasor as well as currents of adjacent branches, the observability of the system can be achieved even if some nodes are not equipped with their own PMU. Furthermore, installation of PMU in every node is not economical solution considering the size of the power grid and the number of PMUs accordingly. One should assess the sufficient number of PMUs cautiously and locate them carefully in order to maintain observability, but also to reduce expenses as much as possible. In the grid topology with a vast number of nodes and branches, the usage of metaheuristic optimization algorithms with adequate criteria function and limiting conditions could reduce the computing time compared to the linear and non-linear programming algorithms. In addition, the quality of such solution is also preserved. In this paper, the usage of genetic algorithm is proposed in order to determine the number and position of PMUs for several different grid samples.

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Role of Time Synchronization in Power System Automation and Smart Grids

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

A gossip algorithm based clock synchronization scheme for smart grid applications

Optimalno pozicioniranje sinhrofazorskih jedinica primenom genetičkog algoritma

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