Role of trace minerals in bull reproductive physiology and semen quality

Abstract

Testicular dysfunction is often associated with an imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant homeostasis, leading to negative effects of oxidative stress on germ cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, and sperm function. Trace minerals (TM) are involved in basic homeostatic and enzymatic processes like free radical detoxification, cellular respiration, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, synthesis and metabolism of proteins, and stabilization of membranes and DNA. Dietary source of TM is necessary to support these processes. Supplementing cattle with TM is nowadays a common practice to help support growth, reproduction, and immunity. This review provides information on roles of TM in bulls testicular and sperm functions, and effects of TM mineral supplementation on bull reproductive parameters.