Role of Training in Women Empowerment: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract

India is progressing economically, but it needs to pay more attention to social and human development together with women empowerment. The economic contribution and empowerment of women are pertinent to strengthen female’s rights andenable them have control on their lives and influence the society. Sustainable development can be achieved through economic empowerment of women. Empowered women and gender equality lead in multiplying the development efforts. Under the SDG-5, India has stated that it will ensure women and girls contribute as equivalent partners to growth and development of the country by 2030. At the global level too, it has been observed that if women participate equally with men in the economic activity, the world will add $11 trillion in the annual 2025 GDP. Investing on education and skill enhancement through Vocation education and training. has been a pertinent issue for the Indian government for the last decade. The current paper identifies the constructs of women empowerment and observes the role of formal and informal training in female empowerment. In all 317 women participated in the study through two stage sample design involving area sampling followed by convenience sampling. The study identified five constructs of women empowerment Economic Empowerment, Family Health and Well Being, Civic Empowerment, Social Empowerment, Educational Empowerment through exploratory factor analysis confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis.Further, the mean scores of all the constructs of women empowerment for formally trained respondents were higher than informally trained respondents but no significant difference between women empowerment, constructs of formally and informally trained womenobserved in the study.

Psychometric Analysis of the WoEm-M Scale to Evaluate Women Empowerment in the Ecuadorian University Environment

“…Furthermore, education allows women to develop skills and knowledge, enabling them to compete in the workplace and actively participate in society, making informed decisions. These assertions are also supported by Tiwari and Malati [63], who argue that women who receive education, whether formal or informal, are more likely to contribute effectively to society. It is worth noting that Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 5 underscore the commitment made by states to achieve their targets.…”

“…It is also essential for recognizing situations of inequality in their environment and highlighting their competence in academic and work settings. This, in turn, can drive the promotion of policies, academic programs, and affirmative actions aimed at reducing gender gaps and promoting equal opportunities, not only in educational spaces but also at the community level, where more women could be engaged in these understandings [62,63].…”

“…It involves understanding how individuals feel about their life in society and how they perceive their ability to make decisions and control their environment. Notably, this set of variables measures the perception of female empowerment from the perspective of social satisfaction, which can be relevant in studies examining the quality of life and overall well-being of women in the university setting [22,28,63]. These aspects are scrutinized by researchers examining women's empowerment in nursing, underscoring the importance of society's recognition of their work and the development of gender awareness in academic training [64].…”

Demand-driven approach of vocational education and training (VET) and experiential learning: a thematic analysis through systematic literature review (SLR)

“…It discussed the relevance of VET system in the Indian rural context. It also highlights the challenges and issues faced in the successful implementation of the VET system in India Tiwari and Malati (2020) This paper explored the role of vocational education and skill development in increasing the employability of retail vocational students. Exploratory factor analysis yielded the identification of one factor for employability and five factors for skill development.…”

Empowering hearts and shaping destinies: unveiling the profound influence of education on women’s mate selection in Pakistan – a comprehensive mixed-methods study

“…Educated women are more likely to actively participate in the workforce, contribute to family income, and engage in community development activities. Their involvement is closely associated with improved socio-economic outcomes for their families and communities, underlining the multifaceted influence of education on women’s lives and society at large ( Cornwall and Edwards, 2015 ; Nguyen-Phung and Nthenya, 2023 ; Tiwari and Malati, 2023 ).…”