Role of transforming growth factor-β in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants

Ogawa, Jiro; Sasahara, Akiko; Yoshida, Taketoshi; Sira, Mostafa Mohamed; Futatani, Takeshi; Kanegane, Hirokazu; Miyawaki, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.01.005

Cited by 103 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interestingly, the IgA responses in PKDL patients appeared to be reciprocal to the IgE responses in VL patients. While the significance of these observations has not been investigated in this study, recent advances suggest the involvement of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤) in enhancing IgA production in human cells (7,29,33). IL-4 and IL-13 are involved in the induction of IgE (15,36,58), and the presence of IL-10 appears to down regulate the IL-4-induced IgE levels (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeishmaniaPromastigote Membrane Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for Differential Diagnosis of Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

et al. 2005

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Diagnosis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), caused by Leishmania donovani, is difficult, as the dermal lesions are of several types and resemble those caused by other skin diseases, especially leprosy. Since the disease generally appears very late after the clinical cure of kala-azar in India, it is also difficult to correlate PKDL with a previous exposure to L. donovani. Very few attempts have been made so far to diagnose PKDL serologically, and the diagnostic methods vary in their sensitivities and specificities. Diagnosis of PKDL through sophisticated PCR methods, although highly sensitive, has limited practical use. We have developed a serodiagnostic method using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and IgG subclass antibodies in the sera of Indian PKDL patients. Our assay, which uses L. donovani promastigote membrane antigens, was 100% sensitive for the detection of IgG and 96.7% specific for the detection of IgG and IgG1. Optical density values for individual patients, however, demonstrated wide variations. Western blot analysis based on IgG reactivity could differentiate patients with PKDL from control subjects, which included patients with leprosy, patients from areas where kala-azar is endemic, and healthy subjects, by the detection of polypeptides of 67, 72, and 120 kDa. The recognition patterns of the majority of serum samples from patients with PKDL were also distinct from those of the serum samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), at least for a 31-kDa polypeptide. To further differentiate patients with PKDL from those with active and cured VL, we analyzed the specific titers of the Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses. High levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies significantly differentiated patients with PKDL from patients cured of VL. The absence of antileishmanial IgE and IgG4 in patients with PKDL differentiated these patients from those with active VL. These results imply intrinsic differences in the antibodies generated in the sera from patients with PKDL and VL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeishmaniaPromastigote Membrane Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for Differential Diagnosis of Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

et al. 2005

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“…Cite this article as Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017;9:a022236 Hughes et al 2000;Saarinen et al 2000;Ogawa et al 2004;Verhasselt et al 2008;Verhasselt 2010;Arnold et al 2011). …”

Section: Regulation Of Immunity By Tgf-bunclassified

Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection

Sanjabi

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

477

306

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Transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to elucidate how TGF-b alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state conditions, TGF-b regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve T-cell pool. TGF-b inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation while promoting peripheral ( p)Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue residence in response to immune challenges. Similarly, TGF-b controls the proliferation, survival, activation, and differentiation of B cells, as well as the development and functions of innate cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Collectively, TGF-b plays a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance against self-and innocuous antigens, such as food, commensal bacteria, and fetal alloantigens, and in controlling immune responses to pathogens.

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“…However, maternal colostrum also contains high levels of TGFb, which gradually decreases in milk during lactation (Xu et al 1999). The role of TGFb in regulating mucosal immune responses has been discussed, and there is evidence that maternally-derived TGFb may accelerate the switch to secretion of IgA antibody to common food proteins and protect against the early development of atopic disease in human infants (Kalliomaki et al 1999;Ogawa et al 2004). Supplementation of food with one isoform, TGFb2, can ameliorate experimental colitis in mice (Oz et al 2004) and, interestingly, this isoform may be reduced in cow's milk compared with human milk (Chun et al 2004).…”

Section: The Mucosal Immune System In Neonatal Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the mucosal immune system pre- and post-weaning: balancing regulatory and effector function

et al. 2005

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The mucosal immune system fulfils the primary function of defence against potential pathogens that may enter across vulnerable surface epithelia. However, a secondary function of the intestinal immune system is to discriminate between pathogen-associated and ‘harmless’ antigens, expressing active responses against the former and tolerance to the latter. Control of immune responses appears to be an active process, involving local generation of IgA and of regulatory and/or regulated T lymphocytes. Two important periods of maximum exposure to novel antigens occur in the young animal, immediately after birth and at weaning. In both cases the antigenic composition of the intestinal contents can shift suddenly, as a result of a novel diet and of colonisation by novel strains and species of bacteria. Changes in lifestyles of man, and husbandry of animals, have resulted in weaning becoming much more abrupt than previously in evolution, increasing the number of antigens that must be simultaneously evaluated by neonates. Thus, birth and weaning are likely to represent hazard and critical control points in the development of appropriate responses to pathogens and harmless dietary and commensal antigens. Neonates are born with relatively undeveloped mucosal immune systems. At birth this factor may prevent both expression of active immune responses and development of tolerance. However, colonisation by intestinal flora expands the mucosal immune system in antigen-specific and non-specific ways. At weaning antibody to fed proteins can be detected, indicating active immune responses to fed proteins. It is proposed that under normal conditions the ability of the mucosal immune system to mount active responses to foreign antigens develops simultaneously with the ability to control and regulate such responses. Problems arise when one or other arm of the immune system develops inappropriately, resulting in inappropriate effector responses to harmless food proteins (allergy) or inadequate responses to pathogens (disease susceptibility).

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Role of transforming growth factor-β in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants

Cited by 103 publications

References 32 publications

LeishmaniaPromastigote Membrane Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for Differential Diagnosis of Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

LeishmaniaPromastigote Membrane Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for Differential Diagnosis of Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

Regulation of the Immune Response by TGF-β: From Conception to Autoimmunity and Infection

The development of the mucosal immune system pre- and post-weaning: balancing regulatory and effector function

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