Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Expression in Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) and Corneal Allograft Survival

Impact of a Case Series of Corneal Transplant Rejection on the Kinetics of Cytokine Concentrations in Human Tears after Keratoplasty

“…We investigated longitudinal cytokines in human tear fluid with or without rejection and their correlation with the occurrence of rejection. It has been previously reported that tear levels of several cytokines showed increase or decrease before rejection [6] . We report the following seven different cytokines: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17A in the human tears of patients with keratoplasty to evaluate their possible roles in predicting corneal rejection.…”

“…Despite the immunologically privileged nature of the cornea, immune-mediated graft rejection remains the major cause of unsuccessful human corneal allograft transplantation [6,7] . The precise mechanisms leading to graft rejection remains poorly understood.…”

Expression Density of Receptors as a Potent Regulator of Cell Function and Property in Health and Pathology

“…Niederkorn et al [79] reported that corneal transplantation is the oldest, most common, and usually most successful form of solid tissue allografting. Although HLA matching is not normally performed and systemic immunosuppressive agents are not used, 90% of first-time corneal allografting procedures are successful.…”

“…Therefore, the absence of the type 2 TNF-α receptor increases the risk of corneal graft rejection. This also indicates that signaling through TNFR2 on donor cells promotes various immunoregulatory events that prevent the induction of alloimmunity [79]. …”

Serine Protease Inhibitor A3K Protects Rabbit Corneal Endothelium From Barrier Function Disruption Induced by TNF-α

“…2,3,[10][11][12][13][14] One of these mediators is TNF-a, and it plays a major role in corneal endothelial dysfunction. Its levels are elevated in the aqueous humor of humans afflicted with anterior uveitis and those undergoing corneal allograft rejection.…”