Role of tungsten oxide in inverted polymer solar cells

Tao, Chen; Ruan, Shengping; Xie, Guohua; Kong, Xiangzi; Shen, Liang; Meng, Fanxu; Liu, Caixia; Zhang, Xindong; Dong, Wei; Chen, Weiyou

doi:10.1063/1.3076134

Cited by 306 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…196 There are numerous reports of transition metal oxide buffer layers in OPVs, where the oxide provides charge selectivity. 80,[196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203] It is believed that the charge selectivity is a result of the p-or n-type nature of a particular buffer layer. For instance, consider the p-type oxide anode buffer layer, illustrated in Figure 9b.…”

Section: General Electronic Structure Of Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-film metal oxides in organic semiconductor devices: their electronic structures, work functions and interfaces

2013

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Thin-film metal oxides are among the key materials used in organic semiconductor devices. As there are no intrinsic charge carriers in a typical organic semiconductor, all charges in the device must be injected from electrode/organic interfaces, whose energetic structure consequentially dictates the performance of devices. The energy barrier at the interface depends critically on the work function of the electrode. For this reason, various types of thin-film metal oxides can be used as a buffer layer to modify the electrode work function. This paper provides a review on recent progress in metal oxide/organic interface energetics, oxide valence structure and work function, as well as the impact of defects and interfacial reactions on oxide work functions. This review provides a rational guide to process engineers in selecting the best suitable electrode/oxide structures for a targeted applications.

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Section: General Electronic Structure Of Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-film metal oxides in organic semiconductor devices: their electronic structures, work functions and interfaces

2013

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“…Investigations on the anode by Jong et al showed that the widely used poly (3,4- which can be responsible for decreased life time. [ 12 ] Although a variety of oxides, like WO 3 , [ 13 ] MoO 3 , or V 2 O 5 , [ 14 ] or organic materials, like sulfonated poly(diphenylamine), polyaniline (PANI) or (PANI:PSS) were used as hole transport layers in either organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic solar cells (OSCs), these investigations were mostly conducted in terms of improving device effi ciency through different transport layers rather than studying the effect on the stability of the device. [15][16][17][18] Studies on the infl uence of the hole transport layer and the respective interface to the active layer on the stability and lifetime of organic solar cells are still rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Effects Related to the Hole Transport Layer in Organic Solar Cells

Ecker

Nolasco

Pallarès

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

172

154

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The influence of the hole transport layer on device stability in polymer:fullerene bulk‐heterojunction solar cells is reported. Three different hole transport layers varying in composition, dispersion solvent, electrical conductivity, and work function were used in these studies. Two water‐based hole transport layers, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) and polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate), and one isopropyl alcohol‐based polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate) transport layer were investigated. Solar cells with the different hole transport layers were fabricated and degraded under illumination. Current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, and capacitance–frequency data were collected at light intensities of 16, 30, 48, 80, and 100 mW cm−2 over a period of 7 h. Device performance and stability were compared between nonencapsulated and encapsulated samples to gain understanding about degradation effects related to oxygen and water as well as degradation mechanisms related to the intrinsic instability of the solar cell materials and interfaces. It is demonstrated that the properties of the hole transport layer can have a significant impact on the stability of organic solar cells.

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“…Ultimately, employing the normal layer sequence and just replacing PEDOT:PSS through a more stable alternative is a promising approach to solve this stability issue. Materials, which can provide a more stable hole selective contact, are transition metal oxides like MoO X [20,56,60,[63][64][65], WO X [61,71,72,130], VO X [60,88] and NiO X [67,69].…”

Section: Solution Processed Moo X For Organic Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%