Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 1. Flea-associated diseases

Lappin, Michael R.; Tasker, Séverine; Roura, Xavier

doi:10.1177/1098612x19895941

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Fleas, most commonly Ctenocephalis felis felis , routinely infest indoor and outdoor residing pet cats, causing irritation, hypersensitivity reactions, and transfer of vector borne pathogens (VBP) [ 1 – 8 ]. Illness inducing VBPs, including Bartonella spp., hemoplasmas, and Rickettsia felis , with infection rates of up to 80% have been reported in fleas collected from cats [ 9 – 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of gaps in feline ectoparasiticide purchases from veterinary clinics in the United States

Lavan

Normile²,

Husain³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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Background The study objective was to examine cat owner ectoparasiticide purchases in the United States and estimate the impact of purchase gaps on timely ectoparasite protection administration. These purchase gaps lead to periods of time when cats are unprotected from ectoparasites. Methods Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions for individual cats from 671 U.S. veterinary clinics from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019 were evaluated to determine time “gaps” between doses of ectoparasiticides purchased in a defined 12-month period. Ectoparasiticides examined were topically applied products that contained fluralaner, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid/pyriproxyfen or selamectin as active ingredients. The duration of protection following administration of one dose was 8–12 weeks for the fluralaner-containing product and one month for the other products. Results Ectoparasiticide purchase records were obtained from 114,853 cat owners and analysis found that most owners bought ≤ 6 months of protection during the year, with 61–75% (depending on the product) purchasing just 1–3 months of protection. The size of the average purchase gap was determined for all dose combinations out to 12 months of protection (5–7 doses for fluralaner and 12 doses for the other three products dosed monthly. The largest gaps occurred between the first and second doses and the second and third doses. Average purchase gaps for the four different products between doses 1 and 2 ranged from 11.2 to 13.9 weeks and between doses 2 and 3 ranged from 7.7 to 12.2 weeks. The fraction of purchases separated by gaps and the average length of the gap tended to decrease with increasing number of doses purchased. Owners purchasing the 8 to 12-week duration product containing fluralaner provided ectoparasite protection (“doses plus gap period”) for a larger proportion of each 2-dose period compared with owners purchasing products administered monthly. Conclusions When cat owners purchase flea and tick medication, gaps between subsequent purchases reduces the proportion of time ectoparasite protection can be provided. The duration of the gap between doses has an impact on the effectiveness of flea/tick medication because it inserts a period without flea and tick protection between doses of flea and tick medication. The gaps between purchases were shorter and the period of ectoparasite protection was larger for owners purchasing a 12-week product than for owners purchasing a monthly product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 13 ]. Some of these tick-borne pathogens are known to infect cats and are associated with clinical illness [ 10 , 11 , 15 – 20 ]. Surveys of VBP in cats report high to very high prevalence with Rickettsia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gaps in feline ectoparasiticide purchases from veterinary clinics in the United States

Lavan

Normile²,

Husain³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fleas, most commonly Ctenocephalis felis felis, routinely infest indoor and outdoor residing pet cats, causing irritation, hypersensitivity reactions, and transfer of vector borne pathogens (VBP) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Illness inducing VBPs, including Bartonella spp., hemoplasmas, and Rickettsia felis, with infection rates of up to 80% have been reported in eas collected from cats [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13]. Some of these tick-borne pathogens are known to infect cats and are associated with clinical illness [10,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Surveys of VBP in cats report high to very high prevalence with Rickettsia spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Gaps in Feline Ectoparasiticide Purchases from Veterinary Clinics in the United States.

Lavan

Normile

Husain³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background:The study objective was to examine cat owner ectoparasiticide purchases in the United States and estimate the impact of purchase gaps on timely ectoparasite protection administration. These purchase gaps lead to periods of time when cats are unprotected from ectoparasites. Methods:Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions for individual cats from 671 U.S. veterinary clinics from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019 were evaluated to determine time “gaps” between doses of ectoparasiticides purchased in a defined 12-month period. Ectoparasiticides examined were topically applied products that contained fluralaner, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid/pyriproxyfen or selamectin as active ingredients. The duration of protection following administration of one dose was 12 weeks for the fluralaner-containing product and one month for the other products.Results:Ectoparasiticide purchase records were obtained from 114,853 cat owners and analysis found that most owners bought < 6 months of protection during the year, with 61-75% (depending on the product) purchasing just 1-3 months of protection. The size of the average purchase gap was determined for all dose combinations out to 12 months of protection (5 doses for fluralaner and 12 doses for the other three monthly products. The largest gaps occurred between the first and second doses and the second and third doses. Average purchase gaps for the four different products between doses 1 and 2 ranged from 11.2 - 13.9 weeks and between doses 2 and 3 ranged from 7.7- 12.2 weeks. The fraction of purchases separated by gaps and the average length of the gap tended to decrease with increasing number of doses purchased. Owners purchasing the 12-week duration product containing fluralaner provided ectoparasite protection (“doses plus gap period”) for a larger proportion of each 2-dose period compared with owners purchasing products administered monthly. Conclusions: When cat owners purchase flea and tick medication, gaps between subsequent purchases reduces the proportion of time ectoparasite protection can be provided. The duration of the gap between dose has an impact on the effectiveness of flea/tick medication because it inserts a period without flea and tick protection between doses of flea and tick medication. The gaps between purchases were shorter and the period of ectoparasite protection was larger for owners purchasing a 12-week product than for owners purchasing a monthly product.

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“…In Part 1 of this two-part article series, the two major differentials for elevated body temperature (>39.2°C, 102.5°F) in cats -hyperthermia and fever (pyrexia) -were discussed and the infectious disease agents proven or likely to be vectored by fleas were summarized. 1 Here, in Part 2, which reviews the infectious disease agents vectored by ticks or sandflies, emphasis is placed on common clinical and laboratory findings, optimal diagnostic tests, treatments and strategies for prevention. Cats with fever, with or without thrombocytopenia, residing in Ixodes species-endemic areas should have blood smears examined cytologically to attempt to find morulae ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 2. Tick- and sandfly-associated diseases

Lappin

Tasker

Roura

2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: There has been increasing identification of vector-borne pathogens in cats presented to veterinary clinics around the world for evaluation of fever and the associated secondary effects, such as signs of depression and loss of appetite. Aim: The aim of this article is to summarize the clinically relevant information concerning fever in cats that is associated with pathogens vectored by ticks or sandflies, with an emphasis on presenting clinical abnormalities and optimal diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies. Fever in cats associated with pathogens known or suspected to be vectored by fleas was discussed within Part 1 of this two-part article series.

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Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 1. Flea-associated diseases

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

Analysis of gaps in feline ectoparasiticide purchases from veterinary clinics in the United States

Analysis of gaps in feline ectoparasiticide purchases from veterinary clinics in the United States

Analysis of Gaps in Feline Ectoparasiticide Purchases from Veterinary Clinics in the United States.

Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 2. Tick- and sandfly-associated diseases

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