Role of Vector Control in the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

Bockarie, Moses J.; Pedersen, Erik Helmer; White, G. B.; Michael, Edwin

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090626

Cited by 227 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…Of the 11 policy options recommended by the LF policy brief group, only 5 were accepted after the evidence synthesis. [51][52][53][54][55][56] These included the following: (i) Establishment of a standard protocol for diagnosis for LF; (ii) Vector control; (iii) Community directed distribution of long lasting insecticide treated bed-net (LLN) and Mectizan (Mass chemotherapy)/health education; (iv) Integrated control policy (onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and LF); and (v) Establishment of policy monitoring/evaluation (feedback mechanism)/with training and capacity building. The remaining options were rejected because of absence of sufficient evidence (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Uneke

Ezeoha

Uro-Chukwu

et al. 2015

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: The lack of effective use of research evidence in policy-making is a major challenge in most low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is need to package research data into effective policy tools that will help policy-makers to make evidence-informed policy regarding infectious diseases of poverty (IDP). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of training workshops and mentoring to enhance the capacity of Nigerian health policy-makers to develop evidence-informed policy brief on the control of IDP. Methods: A modified "before and after" intervention study design was used in which outcomes were measured on the target participants both before the intervention is implemented and after. A 4-point Likert scale according to the degree of adequacy; 1 = "grossly inadequate, " 4 = "very adequate" was employed. The main parameter measured was participants' perceptions of their own knowledge/understanding. This study was conducted at subnational level and the participants were the career health policy-makers drawn from Ebonyi State in the South-Eastern Nigeria. A oneday evidence-to-policy workshop was organized to enhance the participants' capacity to develop evidence-informed policy brief on IDP in Ebonyi State. Topics covered included collaborative initiative; preparation and use of policy briefs; policy dialogue; ethics in health policy-making; and health policy and politics. Results: The preworkshop mean of knowledge and capacity ranged from 2.49-3.03, while the postworkshop mean ranged from 3.42-3.78 on 4-point scale. The percentage increase in mean of knowledge and capacity at the end of the workshop ranged from 20.10%-45%. Participants were divided into 3 IDP mentorship groups (malaria, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis [LF]) and were mentored to identify potential policy options/recommendations for control of the diseases for the policy briefs. These policy options were subjected to research evidence synthesis by each group to identify the options that have the support of research evidence (mostly systematic reviews) from PubMed, Cochrane database and Google Scholar. After the evidence synthesis, five policy options were selected out of 13 for malaria, 3 out of 10 for schistosomiasis and 5 out of 11 for LF. Conclusion:The outcome suggests that an evidence-to-policy capacity enhancement workshop combined with a mentorship programme can improve policy-makers' capacity for evidence-informed policy-making (EIP). Implications for policy makers• Policy-makers need to have access to the right information on infectious diseases of poverty (IDP) at the right time to inform decisions that draw on the evidence of what works. There are numerous reports which have shown that the availability of timely, suitably packaged and policy relevant research evidence is important in supporting increased use of research evidence in the policy processes. • Policy-makers' knowledge and capacity to develop evidence-informed policy materials such as policy briefs can be enhanced via evidence-top...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Uneke

Ezeoha

Uro-Chukwu

et al. 2015

Int J Health Policy Manag

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“…Mosquitoes of the Cx. pipiens complex are potential vectors of filarid worms in tropical and subtropical areas (Bockarie et al 2009) and diverse arboviruses, including West Nile virus (Apperson et al 2004, Cook et al 2006.Adult females and immature stages of the Cx. pipiens complex are morphologically similar.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Morais

Moratore

Suesdek

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Variation among natural populations of Culex (Culex) Key words: Culex pipiens complex -Culex quinquefasciatus -clines -molecular identification -wing morphologyThe Culex (Culex) pipiens complex in the Americas is composed of two main species, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, which is adapted to tropical zones and Cx. pipiens L., which is found in temperate zones. In intermediate areas, these two members can mate yielding hybrids and intermediate forms (Barr 1957), through the processes of gene flow and introgression (Humeres et al. 1998, McAbee et al. 2008, Kothera et al. 2009). Mosquitoes of the Cx. pipiens complex are potential vectors of filarid worms in tropical and subtropical areas (Bockarie et al. 2009) and diverse arboviruses, including West Nile virus (Apperson et al. 2004, Cook et al. 2006.Adult females and immature stages of the Cx. pipiens complex are morphologically similar. The differentiation of adult males can be made by analysis of genitalia, which includes measuring the DV/D ratio of the dorsal arms of the aedeagus in the phallosome, as reported by Sundararaman (1949). Because members of the Cx. pipiens complex have a broad geographical distribution, other phenotypical differences beyond those of the male genitalia can be found. For example, some wing characters can also been used for morphologic identification of mosquito species.Financial support: FAPESP (05/50225-2, 06/02622-5) SAM and CM contributed equally to this work (FAPESP 06/57272-9 and 07/1665-5, respectively The taxonomic keys compiled by Forattini (2002) compared wing morphology of adult females. In that report, the subcosta vein (Sc) was reported to bind with the costa vein (C) before the bifurcation of the radial 2+3 vein (R 2+3 ) in Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas in Cx. pipiens, the Sc vein binds to vein C at the same point or beyond the R 2+3 bifurcation. To our knowledge, these findings have not been investigated in other geographically distant populations. Linam and Nielsen (1962) reported that Bekku (1956), in Northern Japan, also attempted to use wing characteristics [the length of radial cell R 2 (second marginal cell) divided by the length of vein R 3 ] to distinguish adults of the pipiens group. The results of Bekku (1956) were inconclusive, which was later explained when Kamura (1958) found that these particular wing measurements varied with the temperature of the environment. Nielsen and Rees (1961) and Linam and Nielsen (1962) reported that the most reliable method of separating females of Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus was by a wing measurement value obtained by dividing the length of the cell R 2 by the length of the vein R 2+3 (R 2 /R 2+3 ratio). These authors reported the value of this ratio to be about 5.0 in Cx. pipiens and 3.0 or less in Cx. quinquefasciatus, with intermediate values present in the hybrids. However, these studies did not evaluate morphometric data among mosquito populations and climatic/geographic gradients.In insects, the phenotypic variations among members of species complexes have...

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“…Among the sampled mosquitoes, we identified six genus with 16 species (2 species cannot be identified) during the period of study (Figure 3). Among the 16 species, Aedes vexans nipponii, which is active for seeking host specially in day time, and Culex pipiens pallens, generally nocturnal in behavior (Bockarie et al 2009), have shown highly dominant response (63.84% and 30.45%) towards CO 2 -baited Mos-hole trap. Trout et al (2007) and Trout and Brown (2009) also reported similar results that a majority of Aedes species were trapped under CO 2 -baited light traps (without the light), and traps under tree canopy catch more Culex species in CO 2 -baited light traps (without the No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using a new mosquito trap (Mos-hole trap) in a cowshed in Yeoju of Korea

Devkota

Yu³

et al. 2014

Animal Cells and Systems

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(2014) A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using a new mosquito trap (Moshole trap) in a cowshed in Yeoju of Korea, Animal Cells and Systems, 18:4, 282-290, DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014 We performed this study to find out if we could control mosquitoes in a cowshed by using CO 2 -baited mosquito traps. We used eco-friendly Mos-hole traps that were developed for mosquito control in human living areas and we also evaluated the traps' efficacy, if the traps would be effective in controlling mosquitoes in a cowshed. The study was performed for 54 days (from 18 May to 10 July 2012). During the first nine turns (from 18 May to 18 June), we used 12 mosquito traps, which were baited with low CO 2 emission (35-100 ml/minute) by burning and combusting liquid naphtha. In the next phase (10 to 13 turns; 21 June to 4 July), we kept the same low CO 2 emission in six traps but increased the CO 2 concentration (500 ml/minute) in the other six traps. In the 14th turn (July 10), all 12 mosquito traps were used with higher CO 2 concentration, using compressed cylinders of CO 2 . Mosquitoes were collected at each turn and the total trapped female mosquitoes during the study period were 31,715 individuals, and we identified 6 genera and 16 species. The predominant species was Aedes vexans nipponii (63.838%). We found that 5.2 times more mosquitoes were caught at higher emission rates of CO 2. Finally, our study partly revealed that higher emission of CO 2 might be a reliable substitute for proper control of the adult female mosquitoes and we absolutely need to develop a more efficient mosquito trap for cowshed areas.

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Role of Vector Control in the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

Cited by 227 publications

References 56 publications

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using a new mosquito trap (Mos-hole trap) in a cowshed in Yeoju of Korea

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