Role of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as co-extractant for obtaining xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Kok, Siew Lee; Lee, Wan Jun; Smith, Richard L.; Suleiman, Norhidayah; Jom, Kriskamol Na; Vangnai, Kanithaporn; Sharaai, Amir Hamzah; Chong, Gun Hean

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105305

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A schematic representation of the scCO 2 extractor is shown in Fig 1 and the detailed scCO 2 extraction methodology was explained in the previous study [ 27 ]. Briefly, 20% mass ratio of edible oil was dripped and mixed with the ground propolis (20 g) and edible oil was adsorbed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis

et al. 2022

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Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propolis. The extraction of flavonoids using 20% VCO as co-extractant with scCO2 (25 g/min) for 210 min at 150 bar and 50°C was found to be the most appropriate, yielding a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 11.7 mg/g and 25% TFC recovery. At a higher temperature (60°C) and pressure (250 bar and 350 bar), the propolis became softer and compressed causing the extractions to retrograde. The extraction curves correlated to the diffusion model with 1.6% (AARD). The matrix diffusivities increased from 4.7 × 10−11 m2/s (scCO2) to 6.9 × 10−11–21.4 × 10−11 m2/s upon the addition of edible oils. Thus, edible oils could be used with scCO2 to improve the flavonoid extraction from propolis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis

et al. 2022

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“…In other words, at higher speeds, the viscosity of the oil thus remains lower, resulting in less pressure build-up and more oil content in press cake [13,16,52]. Moreover, the BBD approach is a type of response surface technique used to maximize the response of a process by determining the correlation between the input factors and the measured responses [25,28,29,31,34,38]. For instance, Kandar and Akil [25] studied three independent process variables including the molding temperature, time, and pressure.…”

Section: Established Findings In Relation To Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, BBD/RSM has been commonly utilized. It is a statistical approach that is efficient and effective for evaluating the experimental outcome [25,[34][35][36][37][38]. The RSM is generally applied to the experimental runs designed by the BBD with the factors' combinations and the corresponding responses to purposely determine the fitting coefficients of the regression polynomial models and to estimate the favorable conditions for validation through additional experiments to confirm the validity of the regression models developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Surface Regression Technique for Enhancing the Input Factors and Responses for Processing Coconut Oil under Vertical Compression

Kabutey,

Dajbych,

Sedláček

et al. 2024

Foods

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This study optimized the input processing factors, namely compression force, pressing speed, heating temperature, and heating time, for extracting oil from desiccated coconut medium using a vertical compression process by applying a maximum load of 100 kN. The samples’ pressing height of 100 mm was measured using a vessel chamber of diameter 60 mm with a plunger. The Box–Behnken design was used to generate the factors’ combinations of 27 experimental runs with each input factor set at three levels. The response surface regression technique was used to determine the optimum input factors of the calculated responses: oil yield (%), oil expression efficiency (%), and energy (J). The optimum factors’ levels were the compression force 65 kN, pressing speed 5 mm min−1, heating temperature 80 °C, and heating time 52.5 min. The predicted values of the responses were 48.48%, 78.35%, and 749.58 J. These values were validated based on additional experiments producing 48.18 ± 0.45%, 77.86 ± 0.72%, and 731.36 ± 8.04 J. The percentage error values between the experimental and the predicted values ranged from 0.82 ± 0.65 to 2.43 ± 1.07%, confirming the suitability of the established regression models for estimating the responses.

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“…2 about here] GSO was used as the co-extractant as it enabled an efficient metabolites extraction from the sage leaves. In literature, the effects of co-extractant on the quality of the SFE extract were widely reported, and most researchers reported a positive outcome [42][43][44][45]. Co-extractant is believed to increase the dissolution of polar metabolites by supercritical carbon dioxide; hence it enhances the extract quality.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Encapsulated Powder Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-extractant is believed to increase the dissolution of polar metabolites by supercritical carbon dioxide; hence it enhances the extract quality. Vegetable oil is often deemed a safe co-extractant, an appropriate choice for the extraction of natural products and food materials [44,45]. This study used about 20% (w/w) of GSO as a co-extractant for both laboratory and pilot-scale SFE extraction.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Encapsulated Powder Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition

Naziruddin

Kian

Jawaid

et al. 2022

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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Role of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as co-extractant for obtaining xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis

Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis

Application of the Surface Regression Technique for Enhancing the Input Factors and Responses for Processing Coconut Oil under Vertical Compression

Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition

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