“…Second, neither familiarity with a given static environment nor familiarity with a given moving stimulus is sufficient for newly hatched birds to begin to exhibit fear of novelty (i.e., presumably some amount of physiological maturation is also needed ;Hoffman & Ratner, 1973b). Third, precocial birds that are at least a few days old show the same sort of fear behavior (crouching, distress calls, flight) in response to novel static settings that they do in response to novel moving objects (Hoffman, Ratner, & Eiserer, 1972;Malcom & Graves, 1977;Salzen, 1962; Experiment 3 in the present series). Fourth, just as a fear stimulus will induce a young precocial bird to more strongly approach a familiar moving object (Sluckin & Salzen, 1961), SO too will it induce approach to a manipulable, but otherwise static, object with which a bird has been reared (Candland, Nagy, & Conklyn, 1963).…”