Role of weathering of pillow basalt, pyroclastic input and geomorphic processes on the genesis of the Monte Cerviero upland soils (Calabria, Italy)

Tangari, Anna Chiara; Scarciglia, Fabio; Piluso, Eugenio; Marinangeli, L.; Pompilio, L.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.015

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Previous researchers have confirmed that soil weathering is an important indicator of soil pedogenesis and evolution [71,[80][81][82][83]. In the present study, the soil pedogenesis and weathering intensities tended to vary significantly along a climosequence and were characterized by substantial variations in the depths to bedrock, clay content (17% to 53%), relative cation leaching and aluminum accumulation (ba 0.25 to 0.40), and mineral assemblage (illite to kaolinite).…”

Section: Weathering and Leaching Intensitysupporting

confidence: 80%

The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

Jin

Song

et al. 2021

Forests

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Revealing the pedogenesis of soil on carbonate rocks is a key step in determining the boundaries of soil types along a climosequence. However, related research is lacking for a subtropical mountain. In this study, eight pedons were sampled across an elevation gradient (789–2322 m) having large variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP) (1189–1764 mm) and mean annual temperature (MAT) (5.7–14.9 °C). General processes were performed, including physical, chemical, and morphological characterizations, X-ray diffraction (XRD), total elements’ content, and soil classification of the carbonate rock. In the climo-toposequence, the illite had been transformed into illite-smectite below 1300–1500 m of elevation, 1300–1370 mm of MAP, and above 10.5–11.5 °C of MAT, and into vermiculite above this climate. These findings indicated that the effects of temperature on soil mineral transformation had weakened with the gradual increases in elevation. The pedon at 861 m of elevation, 1206 mm of MAP, and 14.5 °C of MAT, which accounted for the argic horizons, was divided into Argosols after human activities. The finding revealed that changes from forest to cultivated land could potentially accelerate the formation of argic horizons, and it provided a theoretical basis for global carbonate rocks’ weathering conditions and ecological problems in subtropical mountains. When the soils reached approximately 1100–1200 m of elevation, 1250–1300 mm of MAP, and 11.5–13.5 °C of MAT, the argic horizons of the soil could be accounted for, as evolved from the Cambosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) (Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy (ST), Cambisols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB)) to the Argosols in CST (Alfisols in ST, Luvisols or Alisols in WRB) under natural vegetation. Therefore, it was indicated that the soil types changed significantly in the CST, ST, and WRB with increases of MAP and decreases of MAT, which provides a reference for determining the boundaries of the soil types along a climosequence in subtropical mountains.

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Section: Weathering and Leaching Intensitysupporting

confidence: 80%

The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

Jin

Song

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Phyllosilicates and zeolites observed with CRISM (Johns Hopkins University Applied physics laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA) and OMEGA (EADS Astrium Satellites, Paris, France) imaging spectrometers in different regions on Mars [8][9][10] include several clay minerals such as chlorite, vermiculite, allophane (poorly crystalline clay) serpentine, and some phyllosilicates belonging to the smectite group, such as saponite and nontronite, as well as different types of zeolite such as analcime, chabazite, and clinoptilolite. On Earth, these clays are typical weathering products of feldspars and/or pyroxene and vermiculite may also derive from K-mica and chlorite (e.g., [61][62][63]). Kaolinite, halloysite and allophanic components are usually promoted by the weathering and pedogenic processes in volcanic environments in humid climate but well-drained soil moisture conditions (e.g., [64][65][66]), and are often related to the alteration of basaltic volcanic glass in aqueous solutions [67].…”

Section: Mars Vs Earth Mineralogical Analogiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Holocrystalline Bedrock and Hydrothermal Alteration: A Terrestrial Analogue for Mars

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Clay minerals have been detected on Mars to outcrop mainly as alteration of ancient bedrock, and secondarily, as deposition from aqueous environments or interlayered with evaporitic deposits on Mars. In order to better constrain the alteration environments, we focused on the process to form clays from volcanic rocks and experimentally reproduced it at different temperature and pH. A fresh, holocrystalline alkali-basalt sample collected in the Mount Etna volcanic sequence has been used as analogue of the Martian unaltered bedrock. Previous works considered only volcanic glass or single mineral, but this may not reflect the full environmental conditions. Instead, we altered the bulk rock and analyzed the changes of primary minerals to constrain the minimum environmental parameters to form clays. We observed that under acidic aqueous solution (pH ~ 3.5–5.0) and moderate temperature (~150–175 °C), clinopyroxene and plagioclase are altered in smectite in just a few days, while higher temperature appear to favor oxides formation regardless of pH. Plagioclases can also be transformed in zeolite, commonly found in association with clays on Mars. This transformation may occur even at very shallow depth if a magmatic source is close or hydrothermalism is triggered by meteoritic impact.

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“…It is generally referred as to the western edge of the "Apenninic Platform", a thick (>4 km) carbonate shelf that underwent compression during the Middle-Late Miocene times and was translated over an eastern basinal domain (Lagronegro-Molise basin; Patacca and Scandone, 2007;Vezzani et al, 2010, and references therein). From the bottom to the top, the bedrock succession includes late Triassic dolostones, Cretaceous limestones, and Paleocenic-Lower Miocenic calcarenites cross-cut by the pillow lava basalts belonging to Liguride units of the northern sector of the Calabrian arc (Quitzow, 1935;Grandjaquet and Grandjaquet, 1962;Amodio Morelli et al, 1976;Ghisetti and Vezzani, 1983;Iannace et al, 2004Iannace et al, , 2005Iannace et al, and 2007Liberi et al, 2006;Filice et al, 2013Filice et al, , 2015Tangari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting and Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

et al. 2021

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Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the southern portion of the Fosso della Valle–Campotenese normal fault (VCT), located at the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of 49 GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to this normal fault, was acquired using 300 and 500 MHz antennas and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once the GPR signature of faulting was reviewed and defined, we interpret near-surface alluvial and colluvial sediments dislocated by a set of conjugate (W- and E-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Our pseudo-3D GPR dataset represented a good trade-off between a dense 3D-GPR volume and conventional 2D data, which normally requires a higher degree of subjectivity during the interpretation. We have thus reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. This contribution better characterizes active Quaternary faults in an area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered prone to severe surface faulting. Our results encourage further research at the study site, whilst we also recommend our workflow for similar regions characterized by high seismic hazard and scarcity of near-surface geophysical data.

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Role of weathering of pillow basalt, pyroclastic input and geomorphic processes on the genesis of the Monte Cerviero upland soils (Calabria, Italy)

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

Volcanic Holocrystalline Bedrock and Hydrothermal Alteration: A Terrestrial Analogue for Mars

Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

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