Role Played by Afferent Signals from Olfactory, Gustatory and Gastrointestinal Sensors in Regulation of Autonomic Nerve Activity

Kitamura, Akihiko; Torii, Kunio; Uneyama, Hisayuki; Niijima, Akira

doi:10.1248/bpb.33.1778

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This system consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions [118]. The activity of this system influences heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, pupil dilation, micturition, sexual arousal, and vascular tone [119, 120]. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions typically function in opposite but complementary fashion.…”

Section: Autonomic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the PVN, OXT could activate brainstem vagal neurons but inhibit gastric acid and insulin secretion, change gastric motility in response to stomach distention and to elevated osmolality, and block consumption of toxic foods [127]. Additionally, OXT could also modulate respiratory, sexual activity, micturition, and many other peripheral functions in association with the alteration of autonomic activity [7, 119, 120]. …”

Section: Autonomic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonsocial Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin

et al. 2013

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Oxytocin (OXT) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide composed of nine amino acids. The functions of OXT cover a variety of social and nonsocial activity/behaviors. Therapeutic effects of OXT on aberrant social behaviors are attracting more attention, such as social memory, attachment, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, aggression, pair bonding, and trust. The nonsocial behaviors/functions of brain OXT have also received renewed attention, which covers brain development, reproduction, sex, endocrine, immune regulation, learning and memory, pain perception, energy balance, and almost all the functions of peripheral organ systems. Coordinating with brain OXT, locally produced OXT also involves the central and peripheral actions of OXT. Disorders in OXT secretion and functions can cause a series of aberrant social behaviors, such as depression, autism, and schizophrenia as well as disturbance of nonsocial behaviors/functions, such as anorexia, obesity, lactation failure, osteoporosis, diabetes, and carcinogenesis. As more and more OXT functions are identified, it is essential to provide a general view of OXT functions in order to explore the therapeutic potentials of OXT. In this review, we will focus on roles of hypothalamic OXT on central and peripheral nonsocial functions.

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Section: Autonomic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autonomic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsocial Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin

et al. 2013

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“…Limited data suggest that the olfactory system may interact with the immune system in terms of up-regulation as well as down-regulation 31 32. Stimulation with the scent of grapefruit oil inhibited vagal gastric efferent nerve activity in animals and olfactory stimulation with the scent of lavender oil excited vagal gastric efferent nerve activity 33. Further, the absence of a significant association between odour intensity and inflammatory response strengthen the idea of a vagal based downregulation of the inflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Down-regulation of the inflammatory response after short-term exposure to low levels of chemical vapours

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between signs and symptoms of irritation and biomarkers of inflammatory markers in blood in healthy volunteers exposed to different chemical vapours for 2 or 4 hours in an exposure chamber.MethodsThe investigated chemicals were: acetic acid (5 and 10 ppm), acrolein (0.05 and 0.1 ppm), 1,4-dioxane (20 ppm), n-hexanal (2 and 10 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (0.5 and 2.2 ppm), 2-propanol (150 ppm), m-xylene (50 ppm), standard and dearomatised white spirit (100 and 300 mg/m3). C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein and interleukin 6 were measured in plasma immediately before and 2 or 4 hours after the exposures. Symptoms were rated from 0 to 100 mm in Visual Analogue Scales and covered 10 questions whereof four related to irritation: discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and dyspnoea. The effect measurements included blink frequency by electromyography, nasal swelling by acoustic rhinometry and lung function by spirometry.ResultsLogistic quantile regression analyses revealed no significant associations except a negative relation between ratings of irritation and CRP.ConclusionThe results suggest a down-regulation of CRP after short-term exposure to low levels of vapours of irritating chemicals. This response might be mediated by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and further studies are recommended in order to refute or confirm this hypothesis.

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“…Stimulation of taste pathways by intraoral delivery of taste stimuli can modulate visceral and endocrine activity as part of cephalic phase responses (reviewed in Powley, 2000; Kitamura et al, 2010). These cephalic phase responses are mediated to a large extent through the dorsal–vagal complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel slice preparation to study medullary oromotor and autonomic circuits in vitro

Nasse

2014

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background The medulla is capable of controlling and modulating ingestive behavior and gastrointestinal function. These two functions, which are critical to maintaining homeostasis, are governed by an interconnected group of nuclei dispersed throughout the medulla. As such, in vitro experiments to study the neurophysiologic details of these connections have been limited by spatial constraints of conventional slice preparations. New method This study demonstrates a novel method of sectioning the medulla so that sensory, integrative, and motor nuclei that innervate the gastrointestinal tract and the oral cavity remain intact. Results: Immunohistochemical staining against choline-acetyl-transferase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase demonstrated that within a 450 μm block of tissue we are able to capture sensory, integrative and motor nuclei that are critical to oromotor and gastrointestinal function. Within slice tracing shows that axonal projections from the NST to the reticular formation and from the reticular formation to the hypoglossal motor nucleus (mXII) persist. Live-cell calcium imaging of the slice demonstrates that stimulation of either the rostral or caudal NST activates neurons throughout the NST, as well as the reticular formation and mXII. Comparison with existing methods This new method of sectioning captures a majority of the nuclei that are active when ingesting a meal. Tradition planes of section, i.e. coronal, horizontal or sagittal, contain only a limited portion of the substrate. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that both anatomical and physiologic connections of oral and visceral sensory nuclei that project to integrative and motor nuclei remain intact with this new plane of section.

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Role Played by Afferent Signals from Olfactory, Gustatory and Gastrointestinal Sensors in Regulation of Autonomic Nerve Activity

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Nonsocial Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin

Nonsocial Functions of Hypothalamic Oxytocin

Down-regulation of the inflammatory response after short-term exposure to low levels of chemical vapours

A novel slice preparation to study medullary oromotor and autonomic circuits in vitro

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