Roles of 34 Virulence Genes in the Evolution of Hospital‐ and Community‐Associated Strains of Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Diep, Binh An; Carleton, Heather A.; Chang, Richard F.; Sensabaugh, George F.; Perdreau-Remington, Françoise

doi:10.1086/503777

Cited by 274 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…S. aureus isolates (n5108) were selected randomly for PCR amplification of 30 genetic determinants. Amplification of super antigen genes (sea, seb, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, sej, sek, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq and tst), a glutathione peroxidase gene (bsaA) and a leukotoxin gene (lukE) were carried out as described previously by Diep et al (2006) and Wu et al (2011). Adhesin genes (clfA, clfB, cna, fnbA, sdrC, sdrD and sdrE) and other virulence factor genes (icaA and arcA) were amplified according to the method of Campbell et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

Yan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus aureus, including meticillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively), is associated with severe nosocomial human infections. This study aimed to investigate the molecular profile, including the dynamic changes and genotype/phenotype correlation, of S. aureus isolates recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients with S. aureus infection over a 6-year span at a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. Between 2005 and 2010, a random sample of 610 unique S. aureus isolates was collected from different clinical samples of inpatients with S. aureus infection for molecular and antibiotic susceptibility analysis. The results showed that, among the 610 S. aureus isolates, 20 sequence types (STs) determined by multi-locus sequence typing (primarily ST239, ST5, ST7, ST188 and ST398) and 52 spa types (primarily t002, t037, t030 and t601) were found. In total, 444 isolates (72.8 %) were MRSA and 166 (27.2 %) were MSSA. ST239-MRSA-III-spa t037 and ST5-MRSA-II-spa t002 were the predominant MRSA clones. From 2005 to 2010, spa t002, spa t037 and their corresponding STs (ST5 and ST239) were the most frequent clones among all of the S. aureus isolates and showed the most resistant phenotypes to various antibiotics. Generally, the different genotypes showed different drug resistance rates, but no isolates were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. The profiles of virulence and resistance genes differed by genetic background, with the ST239 and ST5 strains showing higher resistance rates to gentamicin, cefoxitin, ampicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin than strains of other types. Moreover, the antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B were generally associated with these two types. The prevalence of STs was different among different clinical specimens and also changed by year. Recently (2009Recently ( -2010, the distribution of predominant MRSA clones decreased, whilst the prevalence of non-predominant MSSA clones increased, especially for the isolates causing bacteraemia. Continual monitoring of clinical isolates is necessary to develop and maintain an effective strategy against S. aureus infection in the hospital setting.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

Yan

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…For example, PVL-positive ST1 strains (MW Clone) are prevalent in the United States, but PVL-negative ST1 was earlier frequent in communities in Western Autralia [4]. Similarly, whereas PVL-positive ST59 are endemic in Taiwan and Vietnam, the vast majority of ST59 strains in the United States do not carry the PVL-harboring prophage [11][12][13]29]. Despite the prevalence of PVL-deficient CA-MRSA strains, PVL is widely regarded as the primary virulence determinant driving the epidemic spread of the major CA-MRSA clones worldwide [14,40,41].…”

Section: Is Pvl the Major Virulence Determinant Of Ca-mrsa?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…USA300 variants lacking the SCCmec-ACME composite island are also prevalent among methicillin susceptible S. aureus causing sporadic disease in the United States [18,67], suggesting a substantial contribution of the genomic background to the epidemic properties of USA300 [26,29]. It is also of interest that ACME-like elements have been found in MRSA isolates in association with other SCCmec elements, including type IV SCCmec in ST1, type II SCCmec in ST5 and ST59, and type V SCCmec in ST97 strains [32][33][34].…”

Section: The Linkage Of Sccmec and Acmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not seen before the year 2000, USA300 is now pandemic in communities across 38 U.S. states, Canada, and 9 European countries [11]. The pandemic clone USA300 has been implicated in unusually severe human diseases, including endocarditis, pneumonia, sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis [16,17,29]. Remarkably, the introduction of USA300 into a new geographic area has often been associated with the displacement of locally endemic CA-MRSA strains belonging to ST1, ST30, ST59 and ST80 clonal lineages [22,23,32,33].…”

Section: Community-associated Clones Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis

Diep

Otto

2008

Trends in Microbiology

287

279

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The recent emergence of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) marked a quantum step change in the biology and epidemiology of a major human pathogen. Various virulence determinants unique to CA-MRSA have been recently uncovered, shedding light on how these strains spread easily and sustainably among humans and frequently cause severe disease. The role of the Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in CA-MRSA pathogenesis is a matter of much debate. While epidemiological data have suggested a role of PVL in the CA-MRSA disease process, recent data from relevant animal models suggest that PVL does not impact virulence of prevalent CA-MRSA strains. Identifying specialized pathogenic traits of CA-MRSA remains a challenge that will yield new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for drug and vaccine development.

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“…Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) tend to carry Staphylococcus aureus on their skin lesions (1), and superantigens and toxins of S. aureus allegedly exacerbate chronic inflammation of AD skin (4,8,9). As a result, antimicrobials have often been prescribed to control acute-phase AD (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Children with Eczematous Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

Chung¹,

Jeon²,

Sung³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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In this study, we investigated the rate of colonization of skin of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and characterized the isolates. Active skin lesions in pediatric AD patients were cultured with Rodac Staph (Komed, Korea). S. aureus isolates were examined for drug susceptibilities, analyzed for the eta, etb, tst, and pvl genes, and typed using agr polymorphism, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI-restricted chromosomal DNA, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. Eighty-seven (75.4%) of 115 patients had cultivable S. aureus isolates, 16 of which (18.3%) were MRSA. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, rifampin, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. While methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were composed of 23 isolates of singular types and nine clusters comprising 48 isolates, MRSA isolates were typed into three clones: eight isolates of pulsotype A-agr-1-SCCmec IV, five isolates of pulsotype B-agr-3-SCCmec IIb-etb positive, and three isolates of pulsotype C-agr-3-SCCmec IV. Three SCCmec IVA MRSA isolates were tst positive, but none were positive for the pvl or eta gene. Among 71 MSSA isolates, 7 isolates were tst positive, 6 of which were pulsotype F-agr-3, and 9 of 10 agr-4 isolates were eta positive. The average ages of patients carrying MSSA, SCCmec IVA MRSA, and SCCmec IIb MRSA were 7.7 ؎ 4.6, 3.1 ؎ 1.5, and 8.2 ؎ 3.1 years, respectively. Among the patients carrying MRSA, two patients had been treated with oral antimicrobials, and one had been admitted to the hospital 18 months previously. In conclusion, community-acquired MRSA isolates of a few clones colonized the skin of patients with AD without risk factors for the acquisition of hospital-acquired MRSA, which suggested that the skin of children with AD may represent a significant reservoir of MRSA colonization in the community.

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Roles of 34 Virulence Genes in the Evolution of Hospital‐ and Community‐Associated Strains of Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureus

Abstract: The horizontal transfer of virulence genes, although infrequent, is epidemiologically associated with the emergence of new virulent strains of MRSA.

Cited by 274 publications

References 43 publications

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010

The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis

Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Children with Eczematous Atopic Dermatitis Lesions

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