The sputter-deposited amorphous W-32Zr alloy was passivated spontaneously and showed a fairly high corrosion resistance in 12 M HCl solution in open air at 30°C. The average corrosion rate of the W-32Zr alloy (i.e., 5.2 × 10 -3 mm/y) was found to be lower than those of alloy-constituting tungsten and zirconium elements. Such synergistic effects of simultaneous addition of tungsten and zirconium in the W-32Zr alloy was investigated by corrosion tests, electrochemical measurements and angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (ARXPS) analyses. High corrosion resistance of the binary W-32Zr alloy is mostly due to the formation of homogeneous passive oxyhydroxide film consisting of W ox and Zr 4+ cations with a small concentration gradient in-depth from ARXPS analysis. Consequently, zirconium metal acts synergistically with tungsten in enhancing the anodic passivity as well as the corrosion resistance properties of the sputter-deposited W-32Zr alloy in 12 M HCl solution open to air at 30°C.Keywords: W-32Zr alloy; Corrosion resistance; Sputter deposition; In-depth analysis; Take-off angle of photoelectrons Available online at www.banglajol.info Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(2), [103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] 2014 *Corresponding authors: E-mail: bhattatai_05@yahoo.com 1997; Mehmood et al. 1998), molybdenum (Park et al. 1995;Hashimoto et al. 2007) and tungsten (Bhattarai et al. 1997;Shrestha and Bhattarai 2010) greatly improved the corrosion resistance properties of the binary sputter-deposited alloys in aggressive environments. The immunity to passivity breakdown like the pitting corrosion is one of the most interesting characteristics of the zirconium containing alloys. It has been reported that the synergistic improvement in the resistance to the passivity breakdown of the alloys in chloride-containing aggressive environments was reported when simultaneous additions of tungsten, zirconium, chromium or nickel to the sputter-deposited ternary W-xZr-yCr Bhattarai 2010, 2011;Kumal and Bhattarai 2010; Bhattarai b, 2011 Bhattarai b, 2011 or W-xCr-yNi (Bhattarai 2009; Bhattarai and Kharel 2009−10;Kharel and Bhattarai 2009; Bhattarai 2010 a) alloys instead of single addition of zirconium, chromium or nickel metals. The synergistic improvement in the resistance to corrosion as well as the pitting corrosion of these sputter-deposited binary and ternary tungsten-based alloys was attributed to the formation of double oxyhydroxide passive films of the alloy-constituting elements from the XPS analyses. In this context, the present work is aimed to clarify the mechanism of the higher corrosion resistance of the sputter-deposited amorphous W-32Zr alloy than those of tungsten and zirconium metals in 12 M HCl solution open to air at 30°C using angel resolved XPS technique.
Materials and methodsThe sputter-deposited W-32Zr alloy was characterized as an amorphous single-phase solid having an apparent grain size of about 2 nm from the most intense XRD peak using Scherrer's formula (Cullity 1977) which ...