Roles of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Cancer

Abstract

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs), thus playing an important role in protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, these enzymes exist in free form or in the form of multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The latter contains nine cytoplasmic ARSs and three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs). Normally, ARSs and AIMPs are regarded as housekeeping molecules without additional functions. However, a growing number of studies indicate that ARSs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Here, we introduce the roles of ARSs and AIMPs in certain cancers, such as colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we particularly focus on their potential clinical applications in cancer, aiming at providing new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer.

Metabolic Responses of a Model Green Microalga Euglena gracilis to Different Environmental Stresses

“…It has become clear that aminoacyl-tRNAs are also utilized in an ever-growing number of other non-ribosomal biosynthetic pathways, particularly in bacteria, although some pathways also exist in eukaryotes (Shepherd and Ibba, 2013 ). Much has been uncovered in recent years about many novel functions, disease connection, and inter pathway connection of tRNA synthetases (Park et al, 2008 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ). PRM might inhibit protein synthesis by binding specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the site of bacterial, or microalgal mitochondrial and 30S ribosomes of chloroplast, and thus alter aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.…”

Towards Understanding COVID-19: Molecular Insights, Co-infections, Associated Disorders, and Aging

“…TrpRS is secreted from human macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in response to the proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFNgamma) [ 112 ]. Zhou et al (2020) review the roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in cancer [ 113 ]. The three ARS (AARS, EPRS, WARS) autoantigens are altered in COVID-19 [ 111 ].…”

A Metabolomic Investigation of Eugenol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29 by Modifying the Expression of APC, p53, and KRAS Genes

“…Any mutation or change in the genes encoding ARS enzymes causes changes in cell function and various diseases. These enzymes are also involved in various processes such as cytokine activity in inflammatory signaling pathways and angiogenesis, cell growth, and proliferation [ 17 , 18 ]. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) belongs to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, in addition to protein synthesis is involved in cytokine activity in inflammatory signaling and angiogenesis pathways, and is induced by IFN γ and regulated by the p53 gene, causing the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer [ 19 ].…”