Roles of Carotenoids in Invertebrate Immunology

Tan, Karsoon; Zhang, Hongkuan; Lim, Leong‐Seng; Ma, Hongyu; Li, Shengkang; Zheng, Huaiping

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03041

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Carotenoids are universal stimulators of immunity; metabolic cleavage of β-carotene generates retinaldehyde molecules that activate the RXR receptor ( 140 ), with resultant regulation of many immune-related genes across species. Experiments with invertebrates showed that carotenoids regulate the expression of immune-related genes such as TLRs, heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90, thioredoxin-like protein (TRX), and peptidoglycan recognition receptor proteins (PGRPs) ( 22 ), possibly having a positive impact on the innate immune response against pathogens. Experiments with rabbits showed that carotenoids can enhance the humoral immune response by increasing serum IgM, IgG and IgA levels ( 23 ).…”

Section: The Role Of Micronutrients In Immune System Function In Vitro and In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

2021

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Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.

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Section: The Role Of Micronutrients In Immune System Function In Vitro and In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

2021

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“…Additionally, the administration of carotenoids, such as ASX and lycopene, have been observed to enhance the production of antioxidative enzymes, such as SOD and GPX, and the cellular endogenous antioxidants, such as GSH, in fish, mammals, and invertebrate [ 27 , 37 , 43 , 74 , 107 , 142 , 143 , 146 , 147 ]. The supplementation of carotenoids has also been found to upregulate the expression of HSP in the tissue of several animal species and cultured cells [ 27 , 107 , 146 , 148 , 149 ]. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary carotenoids can improve the antioxidative defense including antioxidative enzymes, cellular endogenous antioxidants, and HSP, and strengthen the ability of resistance against oxidative stress in the body.…”

Section: Activities Of Carotenoids In Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Carotenoids in Fish Fitness: A Review

Nakano

Wiegertjes

2020

Marine Drugs

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Carotenoids, one of the most common types of natural pigments, can influence the colors of living organisms. More than 750 kinds of carotenoids have been identified. Generally, carotenoids occur in organisms at low levels. However, the total amount of carotenoids in nature has been estimated to be more than 100 million tons. There are two major types of carotenoids: carotene (solely hydrocarbons that contain no oxygen) and xanthophyll (contains oxygen). Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments with conjugated double bonds that exhibit robust antioxidant activity. Many carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin (ASX), are known to improve the antioxidative state and immune system, resulting in providing disease resistance, growth performance, survival, and improved egg quality in farmed fish without exhibiting any cytotoxicity or side effects. ASX cooperatively and synergistically interacts with other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione located in the lipophilic hydrophobic compartments of fish tissue. Moreover, ASX can modulate gene expression accompanying alterations in signal transduction by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Hence, carotenoids could be used as chemotherapeutic supplements for farmed fish. Carotenoids are regarded as ecologically friendly functional feed additives in the aquaculture industry.

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“…The high carotenoid content is believed to promote environmental toleration and disease resistant in Nan'ao Golden Scallop (Tan et al . 2020d,e,f).…”

Section: Bivalve Selection Breeding Programmes and Its Implication Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective breeding of edible bivalves and its implication of global climate change

Tan

Zhang

Zheng

2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Bivalve molluscs are very nutritious and are an important source of human animal protein. To date, bivalve farming has contributed to about 15% of the mean per capita animal protein intake of approximate 1.5 billion people around the world. Unfortunately, the effects of climate change, mainly global warming and ocean acidification, have had many deleterious effects on bivalve aquaculture, not only leading to mass mortalities of bivalves in farms and hatcheries, but also causing collapse of natural bivalve populations. In response to the recurrent mass mortalities of farmed bivalves, many selective breeding programmes have been launched with the breeding goal of reducing mortality rate caused by disease outbreaks and changing ocean conditions. This article reviews the progress and potential of selective breeding of edible bivalves in the context of global climate change. It is clear from the literature that in terms of environmental sensitivity, and disease resistance and tolerance, selective breeding has great potential for improving the robustness of edible bivalves with significant heritability and genetic gain. Because the robustness of edible bivalves to climate change is a complex trait affected by multiple genes, the application of modern genomic tools in selective breeding is expected to dramatically enhance the accuracy and efficacy of genetic improvements and produce bivalve strains that are robust to climate change. The information in this article is very useful for guidance on adaptation strategies for climate‐smart bivalve aquaculture solutions to be implemented in bivalve hatcheries and farms.

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Roles of Carotenoids in Invertebrate Immunology

Cited by 52 publications

References 128 publications

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

Properties of Carotenoids in Fish Fitness: A Review

Selective breeding of edible bivalves and its implication of global climate change

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