Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

Umwali, Yvette; Yue, Congbo; Gabriel, Abakundana Nsenga Ariston; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Xin

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4467

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…cfNAs may freely circulate in body fluids, or may be bound to protein complexes or encapsulated in extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) (e.g., apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, or exosomes). EMVs mediate intercellular communication and were shown to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of CRC, as they are implicated in tumorigenesis, CRC progression, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis [ 55 , 56 ]. Details of individual cfNA types and their release mechanisms were comprehensively covered in previous works [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] and are not the focus [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] of this review.…”

Section: Cell-free Nucleic Acids As Crc Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Styk

Buglyó

Pös

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with more than two million new cases diagnosed yearly. Despite increasing efforts in screening, many cases are still diagnosed at a late stage, when mortality is high. This paper briefly reviews known genetic causes of CRC (distinguishing between sporadic and familial forms) and discusses potential and confirmed nucleic acid biomarkers obtainable from liquid biopsies, classified by their molecular features, focusing on clinical relevance. We comment on advantageous aspects such as better patient compliance due to blood sampling being minimally invasive, the possibility to monitor mutation characteristics of sporadic and hereditary CRC in a disease showing genetic heterogeneity, and using up- or down-regulated circulating RNA markers to reveal metastasis or disease recurrence. Current difficulties and thoughts on some possible future directions are also discussed. We explore current evidence in the field pointing towards the introduction of personalized CRC management.

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Section: Cell-free Nucleic Acids As Crc Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Styk

Buglyó

Pös

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Although EVs have a strong potential for disease diagnosis and may aid therapeutic decision-making, further research efforts are required for viable clinical applications of EVs. In the field of clinical interpretation, detection of cancer-driving EVs in patients with no previous cancer history may dictate chemoprevention for cancer prevention or suppression, more frequent follow-ups for early cancer detection, as well as risk-reducing prophylactic surgeries such as appendectomy, colectomy, or mastectomy (Umwali et al, 2021;Xiao et al, 2021). Therefore, we conducted a quantitative systematic review along with a comprehensive meta-analysis based on published literature to confirm the diagnostic value of EVs in cancer patients in comparison with healthy subjects to suggest its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early cancer detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liu

Liao²,

Hosseinifard

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Background: Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded to have significant function in most steps during cancer progression. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the accuracy of EVs as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis.Methods: The diagnostic efficacy of EVs for different cancers was assessed using pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and overall area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC). The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were verified to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of EV at a clinical level.Results: In all, 6,183 cancer patients and 2,437 healthy controls from 75 eligible studies reported in 42 publications were included in the study. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.60–0.63), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.75–0.78), 3.07 (95% CI: 2.52–3.75), 0.34 (95% CI: 0.28–0.41), and 10.98 (95% CI: 7.53–16.00), respectively. Similarly, the AUC of the SROC was 0.88, indicating a high conservation of EVs as an early diagnostic marker. Furthermore, subgroup analysis suggested that the use of small EVs as a biomarker was more accurate in serum-based samples of nervous system cancer (p < 0.001). As a result, ultracentrifugation and quantification and size determination methods, such as Western blotting and ELISA were the most reliable identification methods for EV detection. We also indicated that increased secretion of EVs made them a capable biomarker for diagnosing cancer in elderly European individuals.Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that EVs are a promising non-invasive biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Well-designed cohort studies should be conducted to warrant the clinical diagnostic value of EVs.

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“…Concretely, the cargo are oncoproteins, transcriptional regulators, splicing factors, proteins related to the cytoskeleton, apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular signalling, oxidative stress, focal adhesions, cellular mobility, DNA fragments, RNA (mRNA, miRNAs, noncoding RNA), and suppressor tumoral mutated genes [135,137]. EVs could improve early CRC biomarkers, since they are released by tumoral cells and carry RNA, DNA, and proteins to target cells, participating in tumoral microenvironment, tumour formation, progression, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance, drug resistance, and recrudescence [5,135,[137][138][139][140].…”

Section: Use Of Extracellular Vesicles As Colorectal Cancer Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers

Alorda-Clara

Torrens‐Mas

Morla-Barcelo

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.

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Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

Cited by 27 publications

References 91 publications

Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Diagnostic Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers

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