Roles of Fe Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Resistance of
            <i>Campylobacter coli</i>
            to Freeze-Thaw Stress

Stead, Don; Park, Simon F.

doi:10.1128/aem.66.7.3110-3112.2000

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results suggest that the observed loss of viability reflected mostly death of cells in response to freezing and/or thawing (and depended less on the length of the frozen storage). Recent work with Campylobacter coli also showed similar sensitivity to freezing and thawing and identified the major role of superoxide anions in freeze-thawing injury (27). It is not yet known whether oxidative damage is implicated in cold tolerance of C. jejuni (or C. coli).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Survival of Clinical and Poultry-Derived Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a Low Temperature (4°C)

Chan¹,

Tran

Kanenaka

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

119

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Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. The bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31°C, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. In this study, 19 field isolates of C. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were studied for their ability to tolerate prolonged exposure to low temperature (4°C). Although substantial variability was found among different strains, clinical isolates tended to be significantly more likely to remain viable following cold exposure than poultry-derived strains. In contrast, the relative degree of tolerance of the bacteria to freezing at ؊20°C and freeze-thawing was strain specific but independent of strain source (poultry versus clinical) and degree of cold (4°C) tolerance.Campylobacter jejuni is currently a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans (1,20,30). Infection by C. jejuni is also the most common antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system (19). C. jejuni and related campylobacters are unique among human food-borne pathogens in being obligate microaerophiles and in their narrow and rather unusual temperature range for growth. C. jejuni and other "thermophilic campylobacters" grow optimally at a relatively high temperature (42°C), but their minimal growth temperature is in the range of 31 to 36°C (3,5,8), and growth ceases abruptly around 30°C (8).C. jejuni is a commensal microbe in avian species, including poultry (13, 36), and epidemiological studies have frequently implicated raw and undercooked poultry in human campylobacteriosis (1,20,30). A substantial portion (as much as 98%) of poultry at retail is contaminated with the pathogen (1, 29). Other meat products can also be contaminated with Campylobacter and can contribute to human illness, along with untreated water, raw milk, and exposure to live birds and to pets with diarrhea (1,20).Several studies suggest that, in spite of fastidious requirements for growth, C. jejuni has the potential for remarkable survival under conditions nonpermissive to growth. In surface waters and water microcosms, survival was shown to be limited to a few days at ambient temperatures of ca. 20°C but was noticeably enhanced (up to several weeks) at 4°C (2, 22, 31). Rollins and Colwell (26) showed that at 4°C C. jejuni could survive and remain at the viable but nonculturable stage for about 4 months. Oxygen consumption, catalase activity, ATP generation, chemotaxis, and protein synthesis were also observed at 4°C (8). Furthermore, Lee et al. (15) showed that C. jejuni remained viable on raw chicken skin fragments at Ϫ20 and Ϫ70°C for 14 and 56 days, respectively. In the same study, C. jejuni was also able to persist on the chicken skin fragments at 4°C (15).The ability of C. jejuni to survive refrigeration and fr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Survival of Clinical and Poultry-Derived Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a Low Temperature (4°C)

Chan¹,

Tran

Kanenaka

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

119

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“…The AhpC protein catalyzes the reduction of alkyl hydroperoxide to alcohols (30). Previous reports have shown that AhpC and SodB are required for C. jejuni survival in aerobic conditions and that a C. jejuni katA mutant is affected in its ability to survive within macrophages (3,9,30,39). The Tpx protein exhibits high homology with antioxidant enzymes from other bacteria, but its role in oxidative stress defense in C. jejuni requires further investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Acquisition and Regulation in Campylobacter jejuni

2004

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Iron affects the physiology of bacteria in two different ways: as a micronutrient for bacterial growth and as a catalyst for the formation of hydroxyl radicals. In this study, we used DNA microarrays to identify the C. jejuni genes that have their transcript abundance affected by iron availability. The transcript levels of 647 genes were affected after the addition of iron to iron-limited C. jejuni cells. Several classes of affected genes were revealed within 15 min, including immediate-early response genes as well as those specific to iron acquisition and metabolism. In contrast, only 208 genes were differentially expressed during steady-state experiments comparing iron-rich and iron-limited growth conditions. As expected, genes annotated as being involved in either iron acquisition or oxidative stress defense were downregulated during both time course and steady-state experiments, while genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism were upregulated. Because the level of protein glycosylation increased with iron limitation, iron may modulate the level of C. jejuni virulence by affecting the degree of protein glycosylation. Since iron homeostasis has been shown to be Fur regulated in C. jejuni, an isogenic fur mutant was used to define the Fur regulon by transcriptome profiling. A total of 53 genes were Fur regulated, including many genes not previously associated with Fur regulation. A putative Fur binding consensus sequence was identified in the promoter region of most iron-repressed and Fur-regulated genes. Interestingly, a fur mutant was found to be significantly affected in its ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of chicks, highlighting the importance of iron homeostasis in vivo. Directed mutagenesis of other genes identified by the microarray analyses allowed the characterization of the ferric enterobactin receptor, previously named CfrA. Chick colonization assays indicated that mutants defective in enterobactin-mediated iron acquisition were unable to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, a mutation in a receptor (Cj0178) for an uncharacterized iron source also resulted in reduced colonization potential. Overall, this work documents the complex response of C. jejuni to iron availability, describes the genetic network between the Fur and iron regulons, and provides insight regarding the role of iron in C. jejuni colonization in vivo.

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“…In addition, C. jejuni proteins involved in responding to aerobic stress have also been identified. SodB and KatA have been shown to counteract the detrimental effects of aerobic stress (69). The heat shock protease HtrA and the regulator HspR have been shown to be important for short-term aerobic tolerance (3,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Campylobacter jejuni Transcriptional Regulator Cj1556 Plays a Role in the Oxidative and Aerobic Stress Response and Is Important for Bacterial SurvivalIn Vivo

et al. 2011

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Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite stringent microaerobic growth requirements, C. jejuni is ubiquitous in the aerobic environment and so must possess regulatory systems to sense and adapt to external stimuli, such as oxidative and aerobic (O 2 ) stress. Reannotation of the C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome sequence identified Cj1556 (originally annotated as a hypothetical protein) as a MarR family transcriptional regulator, and further analysis indicated a potential role in regulating the oxidative stress response. A C. jejuni 11168H Cj1556 mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative and aerobic stress, decreased ability for intracellular survival in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells and J774A.1 mouse macrophages, and a reduction in virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Microarray analysis of gene expression changes in the Cj1556 mutant indicated negative autoregulation of Cj1556 expression and downregulation of genes associated with oxidative and aerobic stress responses, such as katA , perR , and hspR . Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the binding of recombinant Cj1556 to the promoter region upstream of the Cj1556 gene. cprS , which encodes a sensor kinase involved in regulation of biofilm formation, was also upregulated in the Cj1556 mutant, and subsequent studies showed that the mutant had a reduced ability to form biofilms. This study identified a novel C. jejuni transcriptional regulator, Cj1556, that is involved in oxidative and aerobic stress responses and is important for the survival of C. jejuni in the natural environment and in vivo .

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Roles of Fe Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Resistance of Campylobacter coli to Freeze-Thaw Stress

Cited by 79 publications

References 14 publications

Survival of Clinical and Poultry-Derived Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a Low Temperature (4°C)

Survival of Clinical and Poultry-Derived Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a Low Temperature (4°C)

Iron Acquisition and Regulation in Campylobacter jejuni

The Campylobacter jejuni Transcriptional Regulator Cj1556 Plays a Role in the Oxidative and Aerobic Stress Response and Is Important for Bacterial SurvivalIn Vivo

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