Roles of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins in the Sustained Antihypertensive Effects of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. on Ovariectomized Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

Abstract

Although Acanthospermum hispidum is used in Brazilian folk medicine as an antihypertensive, no study evaluated its effects on a renovascular hypertension and ovariectomy model. So, this study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction obtained from A. hispidum (ESAH) using two-kidney-one-clip hypertension in ovariectomized rats (2K1C plus OVT). ESAH was orally administered at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, daily, for 28 days, after 5 weeks of surgery. Enalapril (15 mg/kg) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. Diuretic activity was evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Serum creatinine, urea, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrosamine, nitrite, aldosterone, vasopressin levels, and ACE activity were measured. The vascular reactivity and the role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PG) in the vasodilator response of ESAH on the mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) were also investigated. ESAH treatment induced an important saluretic and antihypertensive response, therefore recovering vascular reactivity in 2K1C plus OVT-rats. This effect was associated with a reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress with a possible increase in the NO bioavailability. Additionally, a NO and PG-dependent vasodilator effect was observed on the MEV.

Phytochemistry, Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Potential of Acanthospermum hispidum DC Extracts against Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…The extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum capture the free radicals produced by DEN [ 29 ] by their phenolic compounds. Palozi et al [ 30 ] also reported a good antioxidant capacity of extracts of the aerial part of Acanthospermum hispidum in vivo.…”

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antifungal Actions of the Optimized Crude Extract and Fractions from the Aerial Parts of Acanthospermum hispidum

“…Some studies describe the chemical composition of the leaves or aerial parts of A. hispidum , showing mainly the presence of compounds from the flavonoid class, such as quercetin derivatives, cinnamic acids, such as chlorogenic acid derivatives and dicafeioilquinic acid derivatives, and terpenoids [19–22] . The presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardioactive glycosides, and anthraquinones has also been reported [23–26] .…”

“…Some studies describe the chemical composition of the leaves or aerial parts of A. hispidum, showing mainly the presence of compounds from the flavonoid class, such as quercetin derivatives, cinnamic acids, such as chlorogenic acid derivatives and dicafeioilquinic acid derivatives, and terpenoids. [19][20][21][22] The presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardioactive glycosides, and anthraquinones has also been reported. [23][24][25][26] Corroborating what is described in the scientific literature, the phytochemical analysis performed on the crude extract and fractions of A. hispidum aerial parts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, with hydroxycinnamic derivatives standing out.…”

Toxicological Study of Hydroalcohol Leaf Extract of Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae)

“…Several studies have shown that A. hispidum has antibacterial and antiviral properties (Anani et al, 2000;Atindehou et al, 2004;Fleischer et al, 2003;Hoffman et al, 2004), abortifacient and teratogenic (Lemonica and Alvarenga, 1994), anti-malaria (Sanon et al, 2003), immunostimulatory (Summerfield and Sallmuller, 1998) antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antitrichomonal (Ganfon et al, 2012;Adepiti et al, 2014), Antihypertensive effects (Palozi et al, 2017), antioxidant and hepatoprotective (N'Do et al, 2018). It was reported that A. hispidum contains some chemicals such as sesquiterpenes and lactones (Jakupovic et al, 1986;Arena et al, 2011).…”