Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock

Xu, Miao; Zhu, Jie; Liu, Xiandong; Luo, Mingying; Xu, Nan‐Jie

doi:10.1186/s40035-021-00254-1

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…Recently, many studies have reported the beneficial effects of physical activity in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, underlining the neuroprotective effect of exercise [48][49][50][51]. Physical activity can indeed increase the expression of the genes involved in antioxidant defense, can counteract the debilitating effects of many pathologies of the nervous system, and can even improve cognitive functions and memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate Threshold Training Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

et al. 2021

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Physical activity could play a key role in improving the quality of life, particularly in patients with nervous system diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Through lactacid anaerobic training, this study aims to investigate the effects at a bio-psycho-physical level to counteract the chronic fatigue associated with the pathology, and to improve mental health at a psychological and neurotrophic level. Eight subjects (age: 34.88 ± 4.45 years) affected by multiple sclerosis were involved. A lactate threshold training program was administered biweekly for 12 weeks at the beginning of the study (T0), at the end of the study (T1) and at 9 months after the end of the study (T2), with physical, psychological and hematochemicals parameters, and dietary habits being tested. The results obtained confirmed that lactacid exercise can influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels. In addition, levels of baseline lactate, which could be best used as an energy substrate, showed a decrease after the protocol training. Self-efficacy regarding worries and concerns management significantly increased from T0 to T1. The eating attitudes test (EAT-26) did not highlight any eating disease in the patients with a normal diet enrolled in our study. Physical exercise also greatly influenced the patients psychologically and emotionally, increasing their self-esteem. Lactate threshold training, together with dietary habits, appears to exert synergic positive effects on inflammation, neural plasticity and neuroprotection, producing preventive effects on MS symptoms and progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate Threshold Training Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, our data suggest that one mechanism for the observed therapeutic effects of exercise on brain cognitive health may be improvements in circulating plasma cytokines. It might also be of interest in the future to measure the effects of physical exercise on biological aging using an DNA methylation epigenetic clock in parallel with the EEG based BAI [70]. The findings of our current study warrant future research to further characterize the mechanisms by which exercise improves cognitive functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Age and Health in Older Adults: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial

Ouyang

Zhang

Adra

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Backgrounds: Exercise is an attractive, widely accessible intervention to promote cardiovascular health; however, evidence that exercise improves brain health is sparse. Here, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise would improve brain health of sedentary older adults, as reflected by cognition health, sleep macro- and micro-architecture, and brain age index (BAI), a biomarker of brain health derived from the overnight sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). <br />Methods: Sedentary older adults were recruited to complete a 12-week aerobic exercise. Home wearable devices were used to monitor heart rate and overnight sleep EEG over the period. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, in-lab overnight polysomnography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and multiplex cytokine assay were employed to determine pre- and post-exercise brain health, exercise capacity and plasma proteins. Results: 26 participants completed the initial assessment and exercise program, and 24 completed all procedures. Participants significantly increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and decreased resting and sleeping heart rate after the exercise regimen. Cognition performances were significantly improved following the exercise program while no significant differences were seen in BAI and sleep macro- and micro-architecture. Plasma IL-4 was elevated while IL-8 was reduced after the exercise regimen. Home sleep data revealed a 3.59% increase in the percentage of N3 sleep over a 12-week. <br />Conclusions: We conclude that cognitive function and N3 sleep were improved by a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise program in sedentary older adults, associated with improvements in VO2max and plasma cytokine profiles. Our data show the value of integrating multi-modal assessments to study the effect of brain health targeted approaches. <br />Funding: Dr. Westover received support during this work from the McCance Center for Brain Health, the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and the American Federation for Aging Research through a Breakthroughs in Gerontology Grant; through the American Academy of Sleep Medicine through an AASM Foundation Strategic Research Award; by the Football Players Health Study (FPHS) at Harvard University; from the Department of Defense through a subcontract from Moberg ICU Solutions, Inc, and by grants from the NIH (R01NS102190, R01NS102574, R01NS107291, RF1AG064312, R01AG062989, R01AG073410), and NSF (2014431). Dr. Wrann was supported by a SPARC Award from the McCance Center for Brain Health. Dr. Tanzi and Dr. Zhang were supported by the Cure Alzheimer's Fund. <br />Clinical trial number: National Clinical Trial: NCT04210882

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“…In human and animal models, the multiple benefits of regular physical exercise have been fully demonstrated. Whether aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise or resistance exercise, are all considered to be beneficial to physical and mental health ( Xu et al, 2021 ). More and more evidence showed that physical exercise can help maintain optimal cerebrovascular function, thereby preventing or slowing down the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment ( Bliss et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise-Induced Astrocytic Neuroprotection and Cognitive Improvement Through Primary Cilia and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Cao

Lin

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is closely related to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neuroinflammation involving astrocytes is an important pathogenic mechanism. Along with the advancement of the concept and technology of astrocytic biology, the astrocytes have been increasingly regarded as the key contributors to neurological diseases. It is well known that physical exercise can improve cognitive function. As a safe and effective non-drug treatment, physical exercise has attracted continuous interests in neurological research. In this study, we explored the effects of physical exercise on the response of reactive astrocytes, and its role and mechanism in CCH-induced cognitive impairment. A rat CCH model was established by 2 vessel occlusion (2VO) and the wheel running exercise was used as the intervention. The cognitive function of rats was evaluated by morris water maze and novel object recognition test. The phenotypic polarization and the primary cilia expression of astrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The activation of MAPKs cascades, including ERK, JNK, and P38 signaling pathways, were detected by western blot. The results showed that physical exercise improved cognitive function of rats 2 months after 2VO, reduced the number of C3/GFAP-positive neurotoxic astrocytes, promoted the expression of S100A10/GFAP-positive neuroprotective astrocytes, and enhanced primary ciliogenesis. Additionally, physical exercise also alleviated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK proteins induced by CCH. These results indicate that physical exercise can improve the cognitive function of rats with CCH possible by promoting primary ciliogenesis and neuroprotective function of astrocytes. The MAPKs signaling cascade, especially ERK and JNK signaling pathways may be involved in this process.

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Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock

Cited by 40 publications

References 171 publications

Lactate Threshold Training Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Lactate Threshold Training Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Age and Health in Older Adults: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial

Physical Exercise-Induced Astrocytic Neuroprotection and Cognitive Improvement Through Primary Cilia and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion

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