Roles of PKAc1 and CRE1 in cellulose degradation, conidiation, and yellow pigment synthesis in Trichoderma reesei QM6a

Li, Ni; Chen, Yumeng; Shen, Yang; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1007/s10529-022-03312-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An equal volume of diluted conidia (2 μL) was inoculated onto the center of MM plates containing 2% (w/v) glucose and incubated for 4 days at 28 °C. Cellulase, xylanase, protein, and biomass production assays were performed as previously described [ 46 , 56 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Zn2+ regulation of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

Chen

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 is a hypercellulolytic mutant strain that degrades abundant sources of lignocellulosic plant biomass, yielding renewable biofuels. Although Zn2+ is an activator of enzymes in almost all organisms, its effects on cellulase activity in T. reesei have yet to be reported. Results Although high concentrations of Zn2+ severely suppressed the extension of T. reesei mycelia, the application of 1–4 mM Zn2+ enhanced cellulase and xylanase production in the high-yielding cellulase-producing Rut-C30 strain of T. reesei. Expression of the major cellulase, xylanase, and two essential transcription activator genes (xyr1 and ace3) increased in response to Zn2+ stimulation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of plc-e encoding phospholipase C, which is involved in the calcium signaling pathway, were enhanced by Zn2+ application. The disruption of plc-e abolished the cellulase-positive influence of Zn2+ in the early phase of induction, indicating that plc-e is involved in Zn2+-induced cellulase production. Furthermore, treatment with LaCl3 (a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker) and deletion of crz1 (calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factor 1) indicated that calcium signaling is partially involved in this process. Moreover, we identified the zinc-responsive transcription factor zafA, the transcriptional levels of which declined in response to Zn2+ stress. Deletion of zafA indicates that this factor plays a prominent role in mediating the Zn2+-induced excessive production of cellulase. Conclusions For the first time, we have demonstrated that Zn2+ is toxic to T. reesei, although promotes a marked increase in cellulase production. This positive influence of Zn2+ is facilitated by the plc-e gene and zafA transcription factor. These findings provide insights into the role of Zn2+ in T. reesei and the mechanisms underlying signal transduction in cellulase synthesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Zn2+ regulation of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

Chen

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Protein concentrations were determined using a BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Biomass was measured indirectly by measuring intracellular protein concentration at an absorbance of 562 nm, and biomass weight was calculated as 0.32 g intracellular protein per gram cell dry weight [ 66 ]. SDS-PAGE analysis of extracellular proteins was conducted on 12% Tris–HCl polyacrylamide gels using 20 μL of cell cultures after 3 d of cultivation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ras small GTPase RSR1 regulates cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei

Qiu

Cai

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource in the world and has attracted widespread attention. It can be hydrolyzed into sugars with the help of cellulases and hemicellulases that are secreted by filamentous fungi. Several studies have revealed that the Ras small GTPase superfamily regulates important cellular physiological processes, including synthesis of metabolites, sporulation, and cell growth and differentiation. However, it remains unknown how and to what extent Ras small GTPases participate in cellulase production. Results In this study, we found that the putative Ras small GTPase RSR1 negatively regulated the expression of cellulases and xylanases. Deletion of rsr1 (∆rsr1) significantly increased cellulase production and decreased the expression levels of ACY1-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway genes and the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Loss of acy1 based on ∆rsr1 (∆rsr1∆acy1) could further increase cellulase production and the expression levels of cellulase genes, while overexpression of acy1 based on ∆rsr1 (∆rsr1-OEacy1) significantly reduced cellulase production and transcriptional levels of cellulase genes. In addition, our results revealed that RSR1 negatively controlled cellulase production via the ACY1-cAMP-PKA pathway. Transcriptome analysis revealed significantly increased expression of three G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs; tre62462, tre58767, and tre53238) and approximately two-fold higher expression of ACE3 and XYR1, which transcriptionally activated cellulases with the loss of rsr1. ∆rsr1∆ tre62462 exhibited a decrease in cellulase activity compared to ∆rsr1, while that of ∆rsr1∆tre58767 and ∆rsr1∆tre53238 showed a remarkable improvement compared to ∆rsr1. These findings revealed that GPCRs on the membrane may sense extracellular signals and transmit them to rsr1 and then to ACY1-cAMP-PKA, thereby negatively controlling the expression of the cellulase activators ACE3 and XYR1. These data indicate the crucial role of Ras small GTPases in regulating cellulase gene expression. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate that some GPCRs and Ras small GTPases play key roles in the regulation of cellulase genes in Trichoderma reesei. Understanding the roles of these components in the regulation of cellulase gene transcription and the signaling processes in T. reesei can lay the groundwork for understanding and transforming other filamentous fungi.

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“…Some studies about the regulation of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis have been reported in other fungal species, such as Penicillium chrysogenum [39,40], P. dipodomyis [41] and Trichoderma reesei [21,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. However, no research has been reported about sorbicillinoid biosynthetic regulation in U. virens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon source and light are two important environmental factors affecting sorbicillinoid production, through global regulation [21,39,44,45]. The global regulators, such as methyltransferase-like LaeA (LAE1) and carbon catabolite repressor Cre1 (CreA), positively regulated conidia formation and sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in T. reesei [42,44,48]. SorR1 (YPR1) acts as a transcriptional activator, while SorR2 (YPR2) controls the expression of SorR1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both pathway-specific transcription factors, SorR1 and SorR2, involved in sorbicillinoid regulation likely have a carbon-source-dependent function of balancing carbon and secondary metabolism, and SorR2 is subject to light regulation [39,[43][44][45]. In addition, sorbicillinoid biosynthesis could also be affected by epigenetic regulation and signal transduction pathways [46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Carbon, Nitrogen, Ambient pH and Light on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in Ustilaginoidea virens

Zhang

Hou

et al. 2023

JoF

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Sorbicillinoids are a class of hexaketide metabolites produced by Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), an important fungal pathogen that causes a devastating rice disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors, including carbon and nitrogen sources, ambient pH and light exposure, on mycelial growth, sporulation, as well as the accumulation of sorbicillinoids, and the expression of related genes involved in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. It was found that the environmental factors had great influences on mycelial growth and sporulation of U. virens. Fructose and glucose, complex nitrogen sources, acidic conditions and light exposure were favorable for sorbicillinoid production. The relative transcript levels of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis genes were up-regulated when U. virens was separately treated with those environmental factors that favored sorbicillinoid production, indicating that sorbicillinoid biosynthesis was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by different environmental factors. Two pathway-specific transcription factor genes, UvSorR1 and UvSorR2, were found to participate in the regulation of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. These results will provide useful information to better understand the regulation mechanisms of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis, and be conducive to develop effective means for controlling sorbicillinoid production in U. virens.

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Roles of PKAc1 and CRE1 in cellulose degradation, conidiation, and yellow pigment synthesis in Trichoderma reesei QM6a

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanism of Zn2+ regulation of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

Mechanism of Zn2+ regulation of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30

The Ras small GTPase RSR1 regulates cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei

Effects of Carbon, Nitrogen, Ambient pH and Light on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in Ustilaginoidea virens

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