Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer

Han, Chenglin; Wang, Zilong; Xu, Yingkun; Chen, Shuxiao; Han, Yaling; Li, Lin; Wang, Muwen; Jin, Xunbo

doi:10.1155/2020/1269624

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…This is evident when ROS increase in cancer cells, such as CRC, where they were found to be cytotoxic. Thus, ROS-mediated DNA damage halts the malignant transformation of cancer cells and suppresses tumorigenesis [ 112 ]. Therapeutic candidates that promote cellular pro-oxidant state could favorably destroy CRC cells through enhancing cellular oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy

et al. 2021

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(1) Background and Aim: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation and inhibits growth of many cancer cells. However, resistance develops rapidly prompting the urgent need for new synthetic and potent derivatives. EC19 and EC23 are two synthetic retinoids with potent stem cell neuro-differentiation activity. Here, these compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity using an array of different cancer cell lines. (2) Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, AV/PI (annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI)), cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, gene expression analysis, Western blotting, measurement of glutamate and total antioxidant concentrations were recruited. (3) Results: HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines; HepG2 (ATRA; 36.2, EC19; 42.2 and EC23; 0.74 µM), Caco-2 (ATRA; 58.0, EC19; 10.8 and EC23; 14.7 µM) and MCF-7 (ATRA; 99.0, EC19; 9.4 and EC23; 5.56 µM). Caco-2 cells were selected for further biochemical investigations. Isobologram analysis revealed the combined synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil with substantial reduction in IC50. All retinoids induced apoptosis but EC19 had higher potency, with significant cell cycle arrest at subG0-G1, -S and G2/M phases, than ATRA and EC23. Moreover, EC19 reduced cellular metastasis in a transwell invasion assay due to overexpression of E-cadherin, retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) and Werner (WRN) genes. (4) Conclusion: The present study suggests that EC-synthetic retinoids, particularly EC19, can be effective, alone or in combinations, for potential anticancer activity to colorectal cancer. Further in vivo studies are recommended to pave the way for clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy

et al. 2021

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“…ROS, an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, exerts beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. It shows that prostate cancer is closely related to age and that elevated ROS levels are mediated through activation of the signaling pathway, which facilitates prostate cancer initiation, development, and progression 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct bridge to metformin and matrix metalloproteinase relationship in prostate cancer model: oxidative stress

Aydın

2022

Cukurova Medical Journal

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Öz Purpose:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of metformin as well as the possible role of Matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP2) and oxidative stress parameters on the prostate cancer model. Materials and Methods: Male Copenhagen rats were divided into three groups. Control group, cancer group, cancer+metformin (CM) group. 2x104 Mat-LyLu cells were inoculated subcutaneously to generate prostate cancer. Metformin treatment was administered daily by gavage following inoculation of the Mat-Lylu cells. The experiment was terminated on the 14th day following Mat-LyLu cell injection. Serum glutathione (GSH), prostatespecific antigen (PSA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by employing the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. In addition, the serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 activities were determined via ELISA. Results: GSH was significantly increased in the CM group than in the cancer group. PSA, MDA and MMP2 were significantly lower in the CM group than in the cancer group. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly higher in the cancer group. Metformin reversed cancer's effect in GSH, PSA, MDA, and MMP2 parameters. Conclusion: Prostate cancer model caused a detrimental effect on MMP and oxidative stress parameters, and metformin administration ameliorated the changes caused by cancer. Metformin showed its mechanism of action by inhibiting free radical products originating from prostate cancer and changing the antioxidant capacity. Metformin is a candidate to be a potential anticancer drug in the therapeutic cancer treatment process.

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“…IR is a multi-faceted stress agent that poses a severe threat to the biological system by producing a diverse amount of free radical species, e.g., ROS and RNS, which induce a variety of responses, such as inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, and genomic instability [ 78 , 79 ]. To combat the deleterious effect of free radicals, new signaling pathways are induced, which modulates the expression of the antioxidant-responsive elements signaling pathway (induced by genes expression) and acts as the first line of protection against oxidative stress.…”

Section: Phytochemicals and Their Possible Roles In Radioprotection Via Different Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways

et al. 2021

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Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.

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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer

Cited by 36 publications

References 240 publications

Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy

Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy

A direct bridge to metformin and matrix metalloproteinase relationship in prostate cancer model: oxidative stress

Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways

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