Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Preparation and Prediction of Timing

Tanaka, Masaki; Kunimatsu, Jun; Suzuki, Tadanao; Kameda, Masashi; Ohmae, Shogo; Uematsu, Akiko; Takeya, Ryuji

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.039

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…PC activity did not map the entire epoch of the delay period in our interval timing task, but rather only the end point immediately prior to lick-bout initiation. This result is consistent with the idea that multiple brain regions form timing representations of movements at different scales, with the cerebellum only contributing to the sub-second range (Tanaka et al, 2021). Interesting, we found that the onset time of PC activity ramping occurred earlier for licking that was preemptive, rather than reactive, to water-reward availability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, patients with cerebellar damage often have difficulty in accurately timing the initiation and termination of periodically performed discontinuous movements but can otherwise execute continuous rhythmic patterns of motor output in a relatively unimpaired manner (Bo et al, 2008;Schlerf et al, 2007;Spencer et al, 2003). These findings lend support to the idea that the cerebellum processes predictive information related to immediately impending transitions to motor action and inaction such that planned movements are finely timed and thus well executed (Bareš et al, 2019;Ivry et al, 2002;Tanaka et al, 2021). Yet, experimental validation of this hypothesis is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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The cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation and termination of discontinuous movements

2021

Preprint

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The cerebellum is hypothesized to represent timing information important for organizing salient motor events during periodically performed discontinuous movements. To provide functional evidence validating this idea, we measured and manipulated Purkinje cell (PC) activity in the lateral cerebellum of mice trained to volitionally elicit periodic bouts of stereotyped licking for regularly allocated water rewards. Overall, PC simple spiking modulated during task performance, ramping prior to both lick-bout initiation and termination, two important motor events delimiting movement cycles. The ramping onset occurred earlier for the initiation of un-cued exploratory licking that anticipated water availability relative to licking that was reactive to water allocation, suggesting that the cerebellum is engaged differently depending on the movement context. In a subpopulation of PCs, climbing-fiber-evoked responses also increased during lick-bout initiation, but not termination, highlighting differences in how cerebellar input pathways represent task-related information. Optogenetic perturbation of PC activity disrupted the behavior in both initiating and terminating licking bouts and reduced the ability of animals to finely time predictive action around reward delivery, confirming a causative role in movement organization. Together, these results substantiate that the cerebellum contributes to the control of explicitly timed repeated motor actions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation and termination of discontinuous movements

2021

Preprint

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“…Temporopontine fibers, optic radiation, and auditory radiations are also included (24)(25)(26)(27). Deep cerebellar nuclei are involved in basic circuitry work involving coordination and the precision of limb movements (22,28).…”

Section: Other Function Related Brain Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Society and Chinese Interventional & Hybrid Operation Society, of Chinese Stroke Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Eloquent Areas

et al. 2021

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Aim: The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the management of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) located in eloquent areas.Methods: An extended literature search on MEDLINE was performed between Jan 1970 and May 2020. Eloquence-related literature was further screened and interpreted in different subcategories of this guideline. The writing group discussed narrative text and recommendations through group meetings and online video conferences. Recommendations followed the Applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence proposed by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by four expert peer reviewers and by the members of Chinese Stroke Association.Results: In total, 809 out of 2,493 publications were identified to be related to eloquent structure or neurological functions of bAVMs. Three-hundred and forty-one publications were comprehensively interpreted and cited by this guideline. Evidence-based guidelines were presented for the clinical evaluation and treatment of bAVMs with eloquence involved. Topics focused on neuroanatomy of activated eloquent structure, functional neuroimaging, neurological assessment, indication, and recommendations of different therapeutic managements. Fifty-nine recommendations were summarized, including 20 in Class I, 30 in Class IIa, 9 in Class IIb, and 2 in Class III.Conclusions: The management of eloquent bAVMs remains challenging. With the evolutionary understanding of eloquent areas, the guideline highlights the assessment of eloquent bAVMs, and a strategy for decision-making in the management of eloquent bAVMs.

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“…Hence, we speculate that reduced GMV in the left mPFC and SFG are correlated with both stroke and dementia, which may help to further understand the neural mechanisms underlying PSD. Furthermore, the cerebellum not only is involved in motor function [54,55] but also acts as a general modulator due to the presence of cerebellar activations in higher cognitive functions [56]. Previous studies have found significant reductions in GMV in the right cerebellar region in patients with subcortical vascular dementia [57] and in left cerebellar subfields in remitted major depression patients with persistent cognitive deficits [58].…”

Section: Psd-related Structural Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Deficits in Patients with Poststroke Dementia: A Multimodal MRI Study

Cai

Zhao

et al. 2021

Neural Plasticity

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Although many neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of patients with cognitive impairments following stroke, little is known about the pattern of such brain reorganization in poststroke dementia (PSD). The present study was aimed at investigating alterations in spontaneous brain activity and gray matter volume (GMV) in PSD patients. We collected T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 PSD patients, 24 poststroke nondementia (PSND) patients, and 21 well-matched normal controls (NCs). We compared the differences among the groups in GMV and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). Then, we evaluated the relationship between these brain measures and cognitive assessments and explored the possible distinguisher for PSD by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. PSD patients showed smaller GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus and lower fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus than both PSND patients and NCs, but such differences were not observed between PSND patients and NCs. Moreover, GMV in the left medial prefrontal cortex showed a significant positive correlation with the Mini-Cog assessment in PSD patients, and GMV in the left CPL displayed the highest area under the ROC curve among all the features for classifying PSD versus PSND patients. Our findings suggest that PSD patients show dementia-specific structural and functional alteration patterns, which may help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PSD.

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Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Preparation and Prediction of Timing

Cited by 41 publications

References 143 publications

The cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation and termination of discontinuous movements

The cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation and termination of discontinuous movements

Chinese Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Society and Chinese Interventional & Hybrid Operation Society, of Chinese Stroke Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Eloquent Areas

Structural and Functional Deficits in Patients with Poststroke Dementia: A Multimodal MRI Study

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