Roll-over shapes of human locomotor systems: effects of walking speed

Hansen, Alvin H.; Childress, Dudley S.; Knox, Erick H.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.001

Cited by 164 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies measuring nondisabled persons' ROS used only sagittal plane marker data to construct the shank-based coordinate system. These previous calculations of ROS also transformed only the sagittal plane components of the COP of the GRF into this planar shank-based coordinate system [6]. The use of only sagittal plane data when studying nondisabled subjects seems justified since the majority of the movement is in this plane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…She suggested that during the stance phase of nondisabled subjects, progression over the supporting foot is assisted by these three rockers. Roll-over shape (ROS) is defined as the effective geometry to which the ankle-foot complex conforms between initial contact and opposite initial contact [6] and represents the integrated effect of the ankle-foot rockers described by Perry [5] that occurs during the same period. Research has shown that the ankle-foot complex of nondisabled persons creates an effective ROS during normal gait that is essentially invariant to added weight to the torso, walking speed, and footwear [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on roll-over shape in adults with hemiplegia

Fatone

Hansen

2007

JRRD

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Abstract-Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are intended to improve toe clearance during swing and ankle position at initial contact (IC) and midstance. Changes that lead to improved ankle-foot kinematics may result in a more biomimetic rollover shape (ROS). ROS is the effective geometry to which the ankle-foot complex conforms between IC and contralateral IC. An effective ROS during gait may facilitate forward progression. This study investigated the effect of an AFO on ROS in adults with hemiplegia following stroke. Kinematic and force data were recorded from 13 people with hemiplegia and 12 controls. Hemiplegic subjects walked at a self-selected speed with and without an articulated AFO with plantar flexion stop. For the involved limb, the AFO significantly increased the ROS arc length (from 32.6% to 55.7% of foot length [FL]) and arc radius (67.4% to 139.3% of FL) and significantly altered the sagittal plane location of the first center of pressure (COP) point, moving it posterior to the ankle center (-1.2% to -20% of FL) (p < 0.002 for all comparisons). However, when hemiplegic patients walked with an AFO, their mean arc radius was greater, mean arc length less, and the first COP point further posterior than those of control subjects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on roll-over shape in adults with hemiplegia

Fatone

Hansen

2007

JRRD

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“…In young nondisabled persons, the roll-over shape has been shown to conform to a rocker shape with a radius of about one-third of the leg length [23]. In addition, the radius of the roll-over shape stays consistent for level walking conditions, including walking at different speeds [24], while carrying added weights to the trunk [25], and while walking with different footwear [26], making it a useful tool for the development of prosthetic feet. The goal for the Shape&Roll Talon foot was therefore to mimic as closely as possible the physiological roll-over shape by using a In order to verify the intended functional properties of the Shape&Roll Talon, we tested the roll-over shape of a 7 cm HH prototype, with an overall foot size of 25 cm.…”

Section: Roll-over Shape Testing Of Prototypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three trials were collected, and the resulting data were used to determine the Shape&Roll Talon's roll-over shape and corresponding radii as described in an earlier work [24].…”

Section: Roll-over Shape Testing Of Prototypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of inexpensive prosthetic feet for high-heeled shoes using simple shoe insole model

2014

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Abstract-The large majority of prosthetic feet are aimed at low-heeled shoes, with a few models allowing a heel height of up to 5 cm. However, a survey by the American Podiatric Medical Association indicates that most women wear heels over 5 cm; thus, current prosthetic feet limit most female prosthesis users in their choice. Some prosthetic foot components are heel-height adjustable; however, their plantar surface shapes do not change to match the insole shapes of the shoes with different heel heights. The aims of the study were therefore (1) to develop a model that allows prediction of insole shape for various heel height shoes in combination with different shoe sizes and (2) to develop and field-test low-cost prototypes of prosthetic feet whose insole shapes were based on the new model. An equation was developed to calculate insole shapes independent of shoe size. Field testing of prototype prosthetic feet fabricated based on the equation was successful and demonstrated the utility of the equation.

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“…Roll-over shapes vary little for people of similar leg lengths. The roll-over shape has been found to be invariant to walking speed [10], added weight [11], and shoe heel height [12]. Studies suggest that prosthetic feet with roll-over shapes similar to physiological roll-over shapes result in higher symmetry in loading between prosthetic and non-prosthetic sides [9] and higher metabolic efficiency while walking [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Qualitative Testing of a Prosthetic Foot With Rotational Ankle and Metatarsal Joints to Mimic Physiological Roll-Over Shape

Olesnavage

Winter

2015

Volume 5A: 39th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference

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This paper presents the analysis, design, and preliminary testing of a prototype prosthetic foot for use in India. A concept consisting of a rigid structure with rotational joints at the ankle and metatarsal with rotational stiffnesses provided by springs is discussed. Because literature suggests that prosthetic feet that exhibit roll-over shapes similar to that of physiological feet allow more symmetric gait, the joint stiffnesses were optimized to obtain the best fit between the roll-over shape of the prototype and of a physiological foot. Using a set of published gait data for a 56.7 kg subject, the optimal stiffness values for roll-over shape that also permit the motion required for natural gait were found to be 9.3 N·m/deg at the ankle and 2.0 N·m/deg at the metatarsal. The resulting roll-over shape has an R 2 value of 0.81 when compared with the physiological roll-over shape. The prototype was built and tested in Jaipur, India. Preliminary qualitative feedback from testing was positive enough to warrant further development of this design concept.

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Roll-over shapes of human locomotor systems: effects of walking speed

Cited by 164 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on roll-over shape in adults with hemiplegia

Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on roll-over shape in adults with hemiplegia

Development of inexpensive prosthetic feet for high-heeled shoes using simple shoe insole model

Design and Qualitative Testing of a Prosthetic Foot With Rotational Ankle and Metatarsal Joints to Mimic Physiological Roll-Over Shape

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