Roll-to-roll printed stable and thickness-independent ZnO:PEI composite electron transport layer for inverted organic solar cells

Wei, Jian; Zhang, Chujun; Ji, Guoqi; Han, Yunfei; Ismail, Irfan; Li, Hengyue; Luo, Qun; Yang, Junliang; Ma, Chang‐Qi

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.037

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Coating processes such as roll-to-roll have been observed to have a lower dependence upon the uniformity and accuracy of thickness of the BHJ layer compared to spin-coating deposition. [56,57] With the above in mind, the OSCs were optimized with active layers varying between 200 and 500 nm. Impressively, the fill factors (FF) of the OSCs processed via spin-coating were over 0.60 for thick active layers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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The interest in organic solar cells (OSCs) has grown exponentially over the last few years and devices are approaching a symbolic power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20%. However, many challenges related to scaling‐up several processes must be addressed before this technology can reach the production scale. In order to facilitate the scaled‐up production of OSCs, the synthesis of an efficient and cost‐effective conjugated polymer, PPDT2FBT, was adapted to a water‐based method of direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP). This aqueous DHAP method yields molecular weights (Mn) between 20 and 80 kg mol−1, which can be controlled by manipulating the polymerization time and temperature. The varying polymer molecular weights were used for the fabrication of OSCs with PC61BM and air‐processed in non‐halogenated solvents. When the 40 kg mol−1 PPDT2FBT:PC61BM active layer is slot‐die coated, PCEs of 8.15% were attained under standard one sun illumination. The temporal stability of the devices under constant illumination showed a 80% PCE loss after 220 hours (TS80), after the initial ‘‘burn‐in’’.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…Wei et al 21 printed ZnO@APTMS nanoparticles as an electron transport layer on an inverted OPV. Wei et al 22 printed the electron transport layer ZnO:PEI. Li et al 23 printed the P3HT:PCBM layer by gravure.…”

Section: Gravure Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of printing and coating techniques in the production of organic photovoltaic cells

et al. 2020

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The organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) is composed of multiple layers, and some printing and coating techniques are more suitable than others for a certain type of layer. This paper aims to characterize and compare the most relevant coating and printing techniques that can be used in the manufacture of OPVs. Extensive bibliographic research was carried out on articles published from 1998 to 2020 to identify various aspects OPV, such as the principle of operation, advantages, disadvantages, and which layers can be printed by each technique. The results show that the most used method for the processing of OPVs is spin-coating. In the studies found, rotation was used to coat the active layer, the electron transport layer, and the hole transport layer. The techniques of pad printing, casting, and meniscus are considered useful in the processing of the active layer. Regarding the deposition of the active layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and anode, the rotogravure, crack matrix, spraying, and brushing techniques were satisfactory. Flexography has been used to form the active layer, electron transport layer, and anode. Screen printing, inkjet printing, and knife/blade coating were used in the processing of the active layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, anode, and cathode. All the double slot die coating, curtain coating, and slide coating allows simultaneous processing of multiple layers. Techniques compatible with roll-to-roll processing are more likely to be at the center of OPVs in the future, thus making solar photovoltaic technology more competitive.

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“…Besides the active layer, charge transport and interfacial layers could be another reason for the instability exhibited by OPVs 28 . In this regard, hole transport layers (HTLs) are more vulnerable to degradation under light illumination and bending tests 29,30 . For the larger scale fabrication of OPV modules, it is desired that all layers be deposited through solution processing techniques (roll‐to‐roll for example), with one of the most commonly used HTL being poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) 31,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride: An Efficient Electron Blocking Layer in Organic Photovoltaics

Tavakoli

Park

Mwaura

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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In this study, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as an effective electron blocking layer (EBL) for the organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is proposed. Unexpectedly, it is found that h‐BN can replace the commonly used hole transport layers (HTLs), i.e., molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in an inverted device architecture. Here, a wet‐transfer technique is employed and a single layer of h‐BN on top of the PV2000:PC60BM blend is successfully placed. Analysis of the bandgap diagram shows that the monolayer h‐BN makes smaller barrier for holes but significantly larger barrier for electrons. This makes the h‐BN effective in blocking electrons while creating a possible path for the holes through tunneling to the electrode, due to the low energy barrier at the PV2000/h‐BN interface. Using h‐BN as an EBL, efficient inverted OPVs are achieved with an average solar‐to‐power conversion efficiency of 6.13%, which is comparable with that of reference devices based on MoO3 (7.3%) and PEDOT:PSS (7.6%) as HTLs. Interestingly, the devices with h‐BN shows great light‐soak stability. The study reveals that the monolayer h‐BN grown by CVD could be an effective alternative EBL for the fabrication of efficient, lightweight, and stable OPVs.

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Roll-to-roll printed stable and thickness-independent ZnO:PEI composite electron transport layer for inverted organic solar cells

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells

Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells

Overview of printing and coating techniques in the production of organic photovoltaic cells

Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride: An Efficient Electron Blocking Layer in Organic Photovoltaics

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