Roll-transferred graphene encapsulant for robust perovskite solar cells

Yi, Ahra; Chae, Sangmin; Won, Sejeong; Jung, Hyun-June; Cho, In Hwa; Kim, Jae Hyun; Kim, Hyo Jung

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105182

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…PSC Fabrication: The process used to fabricate the MAPbI 3 perovskite precursor and films was exactly the same as that described in our previous work. [8,27,28] A mixture with a 1:1:1 molar ratio of MAI, PbI 2 , and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 50 wt%, and the resultant solution was stirred on a hotplate at 60 C for 2 h (MAI: 158.97 mg, PbI 2 : 461.01 mg, DMSO: 71 μL, DMF: 633 μL). The fully dissolved MAPbI 3 precursor was spin-coated onto the various NiO x layers at 5000 rpm for 25 s; 0.2 mL of chlorobenzene (CB) was dropped 6-7 s after the spin-coating process was started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Chae

Lee

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

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Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which feature an attractive structure for diverse applications such as tandem SCs or flexible devices, continue to be rapidly developed. Among various hole‐transporting layer (HTL) materials, nickel oxide (NiO x ) is widely used as a stable and superior HTL even though it exhibits poor conductivity. Although various methods have been proposed to overcome the low conductivity of NiO x films, codoping methods have not been extensively studied and remain poorly understood. Herein, Li:Cu:NiO x is systematically investigated to explore the synergistic effect of codoping in various NiO x HTLs and PSCs. The optical, chemical, and morphological properties of the films are characterized and the dependence of these properties on the codoping ratio are investigated. A gradual improvement of the electrical properties and a tunable Fermi energy level resulting from the Li:Cu codopants is subsequently demonstrated. Furthermore, the structure of the perovskite films on HTLs and the synergistic effect on the preferred crystal growth behavior are elucidated. An inverted PSC with high efficiency was attained as a result of the enhanced electrical properties of the NiO x HTLs and the high quality of the perovskite film, which were attributed to the synergistic effect of the Li:Cu codoping method.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Chae

Lee

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

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“…Yi et al introduced roll-transferred graphene encapsulant for PSCs encapsulation (Figure 4f). [90] They transferred highly flexible and stable graphene multilayers to a PSCs using the roll-based dry process (Figure 4g). The encapsulation capability of preventing the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the device in harsh conditions was investigated.…”

Section: Inorganic Encapsulation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Luo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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of human society. Clean and green solar energy could be converted into electric energy through photovoltaic technologies. This can provide a green and sustainable way for energy utilization. [1][2][3] Inorganicorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising photovoltaic applications, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] owing to the favorable properties of perovskite materials, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, large bipolar mobility, long carrier diffusion length, small exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.7% based on Pb-based perovskites, which has exceeded that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells and exhibited huge a market prospect. [19] However, these perovskite films are prone to be decomposed into the toxic heavy-metal compounds of PbI 2 , Pb, or PbO, etc. because of the uncontrollable environmental condition, including high temperature, high humidity, and strong sunlight. [20,21] The toxicity of Pb leaking from perovskite film has become one of the main obstacles toward commercialization. [22] There have been extensive endeavors to replace Pb with Sn to make the perovskite active layer less toxic, however, Sn-based PSCs demonstrate inferior efficiency and stability compared with their Pb-based counterparts. Thus, the Pb-based perovskites are still indispensable for guaranteeing excellent photoelectric properties and would be the main force of future large-scale applications.The photovoltaic market has been growing rapidly for alleviating energy scarcity and mitigating climate change. The cumulative solar capacity in 2020 reaches ≈773.2 GW around the world. [23] If 20% of this solar capacity is occupied by perovskite solar panels with 500 nm Pb-based perovskite film and ≈20% PCE, 541.24 tons of Pb would be consumed considering ≈0.70 g m −2 of Pb content. [24,25] The widespread deployment of PSCs would provoke a terrible environmental pollution without proper Pb management. World Health Organization (WHO) and many countries have reached a broad consensus on the restriction of the Pb pollution and established strict environmental standards on the Pb usage. Besides, international organizations such as the European Union have also formulated relevant regulations for the management and regulation of waste electrical and electronic equipment, requiring producers to take responsibility for collecting and recycling apparatus waste. [26] Therefore, sustainable Pb management is an essential prerequisite for the commercialization of PSCs. Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for commercialization have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, the toxicity and leakage of heavy metal Pb from perovskite film have become critical obstacles for eco-friendly development. Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, high temperature, or strong sunlight may accelerate the undesired decomp...

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“…Recently, the hydrophobicity and high thermal conductivity of carbonaceous materials, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have enabled them to be used as encapsulants for effectively blocking moisture or oxygen in the surrounding environment and to dissipate heat through the encapsulation layer, thereby lowering the device temperature during operation. [145] Being motivated by the recent drive toward the commercial application of PSCs, some researchers have used PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene as external encapsulation layers in PSCs, [222][223][224] as shown in Figure 12. The PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene-encapsulated devices displayed a negligible drop in efficiency and, respectively, managed to retain %90%, 95%, and 82% of the original PCE, after storage for 500, 1000, and 3700 h, under environmental conditions.…”

Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being motivated by the recent drive toward the commercial application of PSCs, some researchers have used PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene as external encapsulation layers in PSCs, [ 222-224 ] as shown in Figure . The PMMA/rGO, rGO, and graphene‐encapsulated devices displayed a negligible drop in efficiency and, respectively, managed to retain ≈90%, 95%, and 82% of the original PCE, after storage for 500, 1000, and 3700 h, under environmental conditions.…”

Section: External Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

show abstract

Roll-transferred graphene encapsulant for robust perovskite solar cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

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