Rolling shear properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from Australian Radiata Pine – An experimental study

Li, Xin; Ashraf, Mahmud; Subhani, Mahbube; Kremer, Paul A.; Li, Haitao; Anwar‐Us‐Saadat, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2021.04.067

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 2, the maximum rolling shear strength average value ranged from 2.8 MPa (MLH specimens) to 3.4 MPa (HLH specimens). These values were higher than those reported in the literature and the value reported for the Australian radiata pine CLT [16,19,20]. The τ r values were also higher than those reported in a previous study for CLT from Eucalyptus plantation under short span bending [19].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…A comprehensive understanding of rolling shear (RS) strength and modulus (G R ) is therefore crucial to the design of CLT structures. Previous research on rolling shear properties is limited to European species, i.e., Norway spruce, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and other species such as Australian Radiata pine, Poplar-beech, yellow pine and eastern hemlock [13,[16][17][18]. Ehrhart & Brandner [13] investigated the effect of timber species (six species including hardwood and softwood), sawing pattern and layup geometry on rolling shear properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study investigating the shear performance of the Australian radiata pine CLT, the maximum shear stress values were reported from 1.55 MPa to 2.18 MPa [20]. The characteristics of rolling shear strength and modulus for Australian pine CLT were reported as 2.0 MPa and 65.5 MPa, respectively [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these studies [13,16,[21][22][23][24], limited research has evaluated the rolling shear properties and the influencing parameters on the shear performance of CLT from eucalyptus plantation resources. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanical properties of mass timber elements governed by serviceability limit state for their structural applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Australian Plantation Eucalyptus nitens under Planar Shear Test

Ettelaei

Taoum

Shanks

et al. 2022

Forests

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With the increasing availability of fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation logs in Australia in recent years, the timber manufacturing sector has become interested in discovering the opportunities of producing value-added timber products from this resource. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) could be a potential sustainable product recovered from this resource and supply material for commercial buildings. Shear of the inner cross-laminates, known as rolling shear, is one of the governing factors in serviceability and limit state design for this product under out-of-plane loading. This study evaluated the rolling shear (RS) properties of CLT with heterogonous layup configurations using different structural grade Eucalyptus nitens (E. nitens) timber under the planar shear test. Based on the results, Gr and τr values were shown to be significantly correlated with the density of the CLT panel. There was also a positive correlation between the RS modulus and MOR of the CLT panel. The specimens with high MOE in the top and bottom layers indicated the highest τr and Fmax values. This indicated that using high-grade boards in the top and bottom lamellae plays an important role in increasing the RS strength, whereas using them in the cross-layer has a positive contribution in increasing shear modulus. The maximum observed RS strength and modulus ranged from 2.8–3.4 MPa and 54.3–67.9 MPa, respectively, exceeding the RS characteristic values of the resource. The results obtained in this study were comparable to those recommended in European standards for softwood CLT, demonstrating the potential use for eucalypt timber boards in CLT production. This paper provides an important insight into supporting the potential engineering applications of CLT panel products fabricated with eucalypt plantation.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Australian Plantation Eucalyptus nitens under Planar Shear Test

Ettelaei

Taoum

Shanks

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…In addition, CLT presents favorable aesthetic, energy, and environmental properties, such as carbon dioxide sequestration [1,6]. CLT was developed in Europe during the 1970s; since then it has been manufactured by many species and softwood is used in many countries [7][8][9]. Furthermore, cross laminating used in CLT panels grants improved dimensional stability, reduces the dispersion of the wood's properties and reduces the influence of the defects, while increasing rigidity in the parallel and perpendicular planes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Mu駉z¹,

Moya²,

Moya³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Fabrication and use of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) using tropical woods is still limited at present. Therefore objective of the present study aims to determine the possibility of using CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers, fabricated with Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea wood using adhesive of isocyanate polymer emulsion system catalyzed with polymeric isocyanate. Delamination, water absorption, density, flexure test, compression and glue-line shear were evaluated using ANSI/APA PRG320-2012 ASTM D198 and ASTM D4761 standard. The results showed that CLT panels of T. grandis presented higher values of density, less water absorption and lower delamination, with no evident differences between the CLT of 3 and 5 layers. The high density of T. grandis resulted in higher values of the mechanical properties. The flatwise and edgewise flexure tests in 5-layer CLT panels of both species presented higher values of bending stiffness compared to those of 3-layer CLT panels. Further the bending stress values in 3-layer CLT panels were higher than for 5-layer CLT panels. As for shear stress in bending flatwise, in both species, 3-layer CLT surpassed 5-layer CLT panels, but in the edgewise test no differences were observed. The MOE and Fc in the compression test were superior in relation to the edgewise test. MOE and Fc in compression flatwise in 3-layer CLT was greater than in 5-layer CLT in both species, but edgewise these values were higher in 5-layer CLT panels. The most common failures were stress and delamination in the flexure test, whereas in the compression test these were: shearing, splitting and crushing. In the glue-line shear test no differences were observed between CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers for both species.

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Comparison of continuum damage models for nonlinear finite element analysis of timber under tension in parallel and perpendicular to grain directions

et al. 2022

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A reliable and efficient numerical modelling technique is essential to investigate the behaviour of timber and engineered timber products to promote their widespread use in construction. Wood is an anisotropic material and hence its mechanical properties largely depend on grain direction and type of loading i.e., material behaves differently under compression and tension. Material responses under tension parallel and perpendicular to the grain directions have been reported in the literature but the relevant progressive fracture behaviour has been ignored in typical numerical simulations, due to the complexities and uncertainties around modelling as well as lack of reliable test data. Fracture characteristics play a significant role in analysing crack initiation, propagation, and failure modes of timber so that its full potential can be utilised by knowing the post-elastic behaviour. This paper applies and compares four continuum damage mechanics based constitutive material models (MAT-22, MAT54/55, MAT-143 and MAT-261) available in the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA for simulating the post-elastic behaviour of general timber lamella products. Timber was modelled as both orthotropic and transversely isotropic material to simulate the fracture behaviour in tensile load cases. It is shown that the predicted fracture properties correlate well with experimental data. It was observed that all considered built-in continuum damage models in LS-DYNA are able to simulate the elastic response, but MAT-261, which was originally developed for modelling fibre reinforced composite materials, provides a simple yet reliable option for simulating fracture behaviour of timber.

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Rolling shear properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from Australian Radiata Pine – An experimental study

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Australian Plantation Eucalyptus nitens under Planar Shear Test

Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Australian Plantation Eucalyptus nitens under Planar Shear Test

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Comparison of continuum damage models for nonlinear finite element analysis of timber under tension in parallel and perpendicular to grain directions

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