Romanian Households Dealing with Precariousness: A life-course approach

Abstract

This paper addresses the main pathways through which households avoid slipping into poverty in Romania by employing a life-course approach. Recent researches on social stratification found that in every country we can delineate a particular social layer composed of households living just above the poverty threshold, whose members struggle to reach a more secure prosperity while facing constant threats of downward mobility. Drawing on recent precarious prosperity research, and based on in-depth interviews carried out in 2013 with 25 households situated in between poverty and prosperity from a Romanian city (Cluj-Napoca), we use a life-course approach in order to account for the main routes into precarious decency of our sampled cases. We found evidence that opportunities for agency in order to overcome precariousness are contingent on household's type, its gender composition and members' interlocking life trajectories. Life-course approach allows us to understand household situation in time perspective and to account for the influence of changing structural context framing individuals' life-course patterns. At the same time, individuals' life courses are increasingly de-standardised within the current post-communist context. The transition from state planned to market economy, coupled with the minimalistic welfare state, and with the low social and institutional trust altering the solidarity of communities are joint factors leading to declining opportunities to rely on other resources than those provided by household members. Interviewed households vary according to their composition, history and assets, further affecting the odds of slipping into poverty. Therefore, our paper raises concerns for policy-makers.

Nesting self-employment in education, work and family trajectories of Romanian migrant returnees

“…The post-socialist context is characterized by increasing social inequalities, growing unemployment and precariousness (Emigh and Szelenyi, 2001;Vlase, 2015) compounded by the rising trend in social blame on the poor, which is especially acute in Romania (Mijs et al, 2016), and inadequate welfare state provisions to help individuals and households cope with the privatization and proliferation of old and new social risks (Cerami, 2008). These changes forced many Romanians into migration in the past two decades, making them the most mobile national group among the intra-European working-age immigrant population (Fries-Tersch et al, 2018).…”