The challenges and costs of litigating (multi-territorial) trademark (similarly to other intellectual property) disputes before national courts are well-known. 1 This explains the growing importance of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, specifically arbitration, for solving trademark 2 (and other intellectual property) disputes. 3 In an international dispute, ADR can particularly offer the advantage to centralize the dispute resolution process and thus avoid the fragmentation before parallel regional or national courts. 4 The increasing reliance on and trust in ADR systems for solving trademark (and other IP) disputes is not surprising: it mirrors the growing importance of ADR in the general dispute resolution ecosystem. The significance of