Rondelles crâniennes. Une enquête bibliographique

Cordier, Gérard

doi:10.3406/bspf.2005.13113

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Posthumous trepanations, on the other hand, have been connected with ritual motivations, whether to obtain cranial roundels to be used later as amulets (Cordier, 2005; Erdal & Erdal, 2011; Lisowski, 1967; Zemour, 2020), to extract the brain (Murphy, 2003) or to suspend the enemies' crania (Gillman, 1876; Gresky, Haelm, & Clare, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

Díaz‐Navarro

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Trepanation is considered one of the oldest surgical procedures in the world, of which the earliest evidence goes back to the Mesolithic. Over 130 cases of trepanated crania have been documented in the recent prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the areas with the highest number of cases. This paper analyses and discusses a new case from northern Spain. The cranium was found in the site of La Saga, Cáseda, Navarre, a small tomb where nine individuals were simultaneously placed at the end of the Bronze Age. It belongs to an adult female and displays a pentagonal hole in the central area of the cranial vault over the sagittal suture. The pentagonal shape of the injury, its regular outline, and the presence of 10 fusiform and two rounded grooves suggest that the bone was intentionally removed by means of cutting and leverage, a technique documented in another example from the Iberian Peninsula. Neither cranial lesions nor pathological evidence have been identified to justify the surgical procedure. Furthermore, the case is exceptional due to the presence of superficial and parallel cut marks in longitudinal and transversal directions across the parietal and temporal bones, unequivocally associated with scalping practice, and which would be performed prior to the trepanation in order to facilitate it. The absence of any kind of healing or bone regeneration points towards the death of the individual during the procedure. Together with the presence of marks of violence and manipulation of the skeletal remains of some individuals buried in the same grave, this leads us to propose that the trepanation was possibly performed to heal a previous trauma resulting from a violent conflict that caused the death of this and eight other individuals from the community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

Díaz‐Navarro

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…The fact that the obliquity of the bevel of the second operation is very small and that its edges are clearly cut is not very compatible with surgical trepanning (Broca, 1877, p. 13). In addition, and although a patholog- that fragments of various shapes sometimes called "amulets" or more neutrally "roundels" were preferably harvested from the edges of the same healed opening seems to be one line of inquiry to consider closely (e.g., Broca, 1877;Cordier, 2005;Fletcher, 1882). Moreover, the bone fragment was not found in the excavation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trepanation and (ritual?) perimortem actions in the Neolithic period at Grotta Patrizi (Lazio, Italy)

Zemour

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Grotta Patrizi (Cerveteri, Roma, Lazio) discovered by Patrizi in 1933 is a vast karst network. Excavation by Radmilli revealed an individual burial reliably attributed to the Ceramica a Linee Incise group that contributed to the Neolithization of central and Tyrrhenian Italy around 5000 cal BC. The remains of the individual bore signs of numerous pathological conditions and of trepanation. Expanding on previous studies, a stereomicroscopic examination of the trepanation site suggests new interpretations of the bone changes. This latest analysis confirms the hypothesis that the individual survived an initial complete trepanation, and it specifies the nature and form of the operator's hand movements. A repeat intervention was apparently made during the perimortem period. It can be hypothesized that this intervention was performed after the death of the individual and possibly on the severed head of the deceased, as an integral part of the funerary treatment. If so, this would be the earliest evidence of the practice of ritual trepanation in this chrono-cultural context.

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“…We rule out the Basque cases of the tombs of Kalparmuñobarrena, Argabi and Pagobakoitza as deliberate manipulations, although similarities have been reported with other megalithic monuments (Joussaume, 1977;Maury, 1961). There are doubts also about the circles of bone recovered from several European tombs dating from the Metal Age, interpreted as the result of cranial trepanation (Cordier, 2005). Finds like the button made of a human femoral head at the Frères Cave (Ariège) and the beads of the same material at Saint-Vérèdème and Drôme are anecdotal (Arnal, 1954).…”

Section: Note S2: Other Evidences Of Tools Made On Human Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proofs of Long-Distance Relations between Central Europe and Inland Iberian Peninsula during Neolithic and Bronze Age. Evidences from the Material Culture of the Site of El Portalón (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)

Ruiz¹,

Pérez-Romero²,

Carretero³

et al. 2015

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El Portalón of Cueva Mayor is one of the present-day entrances to the Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo karst system located in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). It is an important archaeological site with extended Holocene occupation which has been subjected to a number of excavations since the nineteen seventies. From its significant collection of bone and antler industry, for this work, we have chosen artefacts indicating local production and others evidencing contact between this part of the Iberian Peninsula and other areas of the Mediterranean Basin.Wishing to emphasise this symbiotic relationship, we have likewise presented a special collection of Neolithic Boquique pottery. The data confirm that, far from being occasional, the relationship of the groups living in the area around the Atapuerca Mountains continues unbroken for several cultural episodes.

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Rondelles crâniennes. Une enquête bibliographique

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

Trepanation and (ritual?) perimortem actions in the Neolithic period at Grotta Patrizi (Lazio, Italy)

Proofs of Long-Distance Relations between Central Europe and Inland Iberian Peninsula during Neolithic and Bronze Age. Evidences from the Material Culture of the Site of El Portalón (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)

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Rondelles crâniennes. Une enquête bibliographique

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

A new case of prehistoric trepanation and scalping in the Iberian Peninsula: The tomb of La Saga (Cáseda, Navarre)

Trepanation and (ritual?) perimortem actions in the Neolithic period at Grotta Patrizi (Lazio, Italy)

Proofs of Long-Distance Relations between Central Europe and Inland Iberian Peninsula during Neolithic and Bronze Age. Evidences from the Material Culture of the Site of El Portal&#243;n (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)

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Proofs of Long-Distance Relations between Central Europe and Inland Iberian Peninsula during Neolithic and Bronze Age. Evidences from the Material Culture of the Site of El Portalón (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)