Roofing rainwater cleaner production using pilot-scale electrocoagulation coupled with a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (EC-GDMBR): Water treatment and energy efficiency

Xu, Jiongji; Du, Xing; Zhao, Wentao; Zhen, Wang; Lu, Xinglin; Zhu, Lin; Wang, Zhihong; Liang, Heng

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128055

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, as more Al is produced, it reacts with more OH − ions to create aluminum hydroxide, which acts as an adsorbent that can adsorb/remove contaminants (Negarestani et al, 2020). In this study, the COD content decreased from 52 to 0 mg/L, showing to be more efficient compared to what was reported by Xu et al (2021), who reported a decrease of 1.7 to 1.0 mg/L of COD through electrocoagulation coupled with a gravity-driven membrane for rainwater treatment (Du et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Effect Of Current Densitycontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…The metallic ions react with the hydroxides, generating flocs where the contaminants are adsorbed in colloidal form. The lighter flocs separate with the help of the hydrogen bubbles at the cell surface, and when the flocs increase in size, they then generate the coagulation process and precipitate (Devlin et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the benefits provided by electrocoagulation, it has been widely used to eliminate various contaminants, such as organic matter, dyes, aromatic compounds, drugs and petroleum derivatives, among others, as well as inorganic matter such as metal ions in wastewater. (Taeyeon Verma, 2017;Kim et al, 2020;Padmaja et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the Electrocoagulation Process with Aluminum Electrodes for Rainwater Treatment

Morales-Figueroa

Teutli-Sequeira

Linares-Hernández

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Rainwater collected in the Toluca region of Mexico with a pH of 6.25 was treated with an electrochemical process, and the efficiency of two supporting electrolytes were compared, one food grade (sea salt) and the other reagent grade (sodium sulfate). In the first stage, rainwater was characterized to detect the COD content, turbidity, metals such as zinc, iron, aluminum, and lead. Electrocoagulation treatment was performed with an electrochemical cell using aluminum electrodes to study the effect on COD and turbidity, as well as the removal of heavy metals present. The results obtained with response surface methodology and a central composite design reveal that the optimal conditions of the electrocoagulation treatment were a current density of 3.26 mA/cm2 and a time of 11.38 min. Using sodium sulfate, the percentage of turbidity removal is 99.27% and COD 70.83%. The use of sea salt as a support electrolyte in these conditions allowed the removal of COD at 100%, turbidity at 100%, and Al 100%, Mn 84.29%, Zn 97.97%, Pb 46%, Fe 21%. Energy costs that are low lead to proven savings when using this system, indicating that this treatment is an option to both improve rainwater conditions and be able to make use of it safely.

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Section: Effect Of Current Densitycontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the Electrocoagulation Process with Aluminum Electrodes for Rainwater Treatment

Morales-Figueroa

Teutli-Sequeira

Linares-Hernández

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In terms of filtration, the low-cost process of slow sand filtration has been applied in RWH systems for decades to improve the bacteriological quality of rainwater. , However, the necessary combination with other processes, such as chlorination, ozonation, and UV, should be applied for the more restrictive water quality requirements to ensure the water safety. Therefore, membrane filtration is gradually drawing more attention in rainwater treatment due to its safe and clean water supply with a simpler process and easier operation. , Moreover, to utilize the roof rainwater gravitational potential energy due to the building height difference between the filter and clean water tank efficiently, a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) was applied to replace the traditional filters . Moreover, GDMBR, a low-pressure membrane system, could operate without any direct shear at the membrane surface and cleaning or flushing. , Therefore, GDMBR could be developed based on the building height from the roof to the rainwater collection tank with in situ collection and natural purification .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flux Improvement and Biofilm Performance of an Oblique Gravity-Driven Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor Coupled with Electrocoagulation for Roofing Rainwater Purification

Du,

Ma,

Liang

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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In stormwater harvesting, an effective method to avoid flooding risk and pollutant migration, the collected roofing rainwater can meet part of the domestic water demand and alleviate the water resources crisis. In the current work, an innovative oblique membrane tank layout mode was involved in the electrocoagulation coupled with a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor (EC/GDCMBR), which was suitable for distributed roof rainwater treatment facilities in rural water-scarce areas. The oblique-EC/GDCMBR system could improve the biofilm formation and porosity in the membrane tank to realize rainwater treatment and reuse. Compared with the traditional layout of lateral-EC/GDCMBR during the long-term operation of 82 days, the oblique-EC/GDCMBR system not only presented the improved permeation flux of ∼40 LMH compared to that of lateral-EC/GDCMBR (∼34 LMH), but also exhibited a lower irreversible fouling resistance (oblique: 1.68 × 10 9 m −1 vs. lateral: 2.02 × 10 9 m −1 ). Moreover, the biofilm characteristics were determined to evaluate the improved flux and biofilm in oblique-EC/GDCMBR. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents also confirmed the higher biological activity in oblique-EC/GDCMBR. The abundance of Denitratisoma (∼15.38%) in the sludge and Nitrospira (∼3.35%) in the biofilm explained the different nitrogen removal approaches in oblique-EC/GDCMBR. Besides, oblique-EC/GDCMBR exhibited excellent water purification performance with the standard effluent water quality. In a word, this work presents the advantage and reliability of oblique-EC/GDCMBR for roofing rainwater sustainable treatment.

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“…The effectiveness of the EC process was demonstrated in a significant body of literature (Tian et al 2018;Bian et al 2019;Islam 2019;Kumari & Kumar 2021;Xu et al 2021). For example, a number of studies (Thakur & Chauhan 2018;Abdulhadi et al 2019;Hashim et al 2019;Abdulrazzaq et al 2021) applied the EC method to remove dyes from solutions, and the results of the studies indicated the EC method could remove more than 90% of dyes in a relatively short time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study

Abdulredha

Al-Samarrai

Hussein

et al. 2022

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour of increasing the electrolysing time, saving the reactor area, and water mixing. The detention time of the space-saver EC reactor (S-SECR) was measured and compared to the traditional reactors using an inert dye (red drain dye). Then, the influence of electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH of water (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10), and distance between electrodes (5 ≤ ϕ ≤ 15) on the defluoridation of water was analysed. The effect of the electrolysing activity on the electrodes' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the operational cost was calculated. The results confirmed the removal of fluoride using S-SECR met the guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fluoride levels in drinking water of ≤1.5 mg/L. S-SECR abated fluoride concentration from 20 mg/L to the WHO's guideline at δ, ϕ, pH, operational cost, and power consumption of 2.5 mA cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, and 5.03 kWh m−3, respectively. It was also found the S-SECR enhanced the detention time by 190% compared to the traditional reactors. The appearance of dents and irregularities on the surface of anodes in the SEM images proves the electrolysing process.

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Roofing rainwater cleaner production using pilot-scale electrocoagulation coupled with a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (EC-GDMBR): Water treatment and energy efficiency

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Optimization of the Electrocoagulation Process with Aluminum Electrodes for Rainwater Treatment

Optimization of the Electrocoagulation Process with Aluminum Electrodes for Rainwater Treatment

Flux Improvement and Biofilm Performance of an Oblique Gravity-Driven Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor Coupled with Electrocoagulation for Roofing Rainwater Purification

Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study

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