Room air constituent concentrations from use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and cigarettes using different ventilation conditions

Abstract

To assess potential exposure of non-users to exhaled constituents from pod and cartridge electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products, an environmental clinical study was conducted with (n = 43) healthy adult smokers. Room air concentrations of 34 selected constituents (nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin, 15 carbonyls, 12 volatile organic compounds, and 4 trace metals) and particle number concentration (0.3 to 25 µm) were compared from use of two ENDS products and conventional cigarettes using room ventilations representative of a residential, an office or a hospitality setting over a 4-h. exposure period. Products used were JUUL ENDS, Virginia Tobacco flavor (Group I), VUSE Solo, Original flavor (Group II) (5.0 and 4.8% nicotine by weight, respectively) and subjects’ own conventional cigarettes (Group III). Cumulative 4-h room air sampling and particle counting were performed during prescribed (Groups I and II) and ad libitum product use (all Groups). Conventional cigarette use resulted in significantly more constituents detected and higher 4-h cumulative constituent concentrations compared to use of the ENDS products tested, except for the predominant ENDS ingredients, propylene glycol and glycerin. Use of conventional cigarettes also resulted in greater total particle number concentration than either prescribed or ad libitum use of either of the ENDS used in this study.

The effect of messaging about reductions in exposure to harmful chemicals on perceived risk of JUUL e-cigarettes

“…This message, which is consistent with the reduced-exposure message authorized by FDA for IQOS, a reduced-exposure cigarette that electronically heats tobacco, is supported by analyses of JUUL aerosol chemical toxicology [34,41,42], and biomarker studies [11,13,14], as well as an exhaled-breath study [43,44] relevant to bystanders' exposures. The advertisement and message language were honed in preliminary qualitative and mixed-methods work with 144 AWS and nonusers of tobacco products.…”

Prediction of potential passive exposure from commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems using exhaled breath analysis and computational fluid dynamic techniques

“…The four indoor spaces included an environmental chamber (supplemental figure 1) used in a previous clinical study (Oldham et al 2021), an idealized office (figure 1), an idealized restaurant (figure 2), and a Toyota Corolla car (figure 3). The Rostami et al (2018) model is based on the physical and thermodynamic interactions between the air, gas, and particulate phases of the aerosol.…”

“…Comparisons of the range of CFD predicted concentrations of glycerin, propylene glycol, and nicotine in our scenarios are generally consistent with measured concentrations reported in the literature, but also highlight important variables that must be considered. For example, Oldham et al (2021) reported concentrations of glycerin, propylene glycol, and nicotine in the breathing zone for the exposure chamber, ventilation levels and prescribed ENDS use modeled in this study. Ten smokers used two ENDS products, including one used in this work (Virginia tobacco 5.0% nicotine by weight).…”

“…Originally, researchers utilized puffing machine generated ENDS aerosols that omitted gas phase and particle deposition within the human respiratory tract to generate exposure estimates of exhaled constituents from ENDS use (McAuley et al 2012, Schripp et al 2013, Czogala et al 2014, Geiss et al 2015. More recently, clinical trials have been conducted in rooms and offices (Schober et (Liu et al 2017, Lampos et al 2019, van Drooge et al 2019, Oldham et al 2021, or have been measured opportunistically in locations where ENDS use has occurred (Ballbe et al 2014, Fernández et al 2015, Zwack et al 2017, Nguyen et al 2019. The uniqueness of each room, office, chamber, or location has limited extrapolation of each study's results, however.…”

Randomized experiment testing the effect of messaging about reductions in exposure to harmful chemicals on intentions to use JUUL e-cigarettes among tobacco product users and nonusers

“…For example, the aerosol produced by JUUL, a widelyused ENDS product sold in the US, has very low levels of the harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke, with most such chemicals reduced by 95% or more [8]. This also implies that there would be a reduction in bystanders' exposure to toxicants, which was con rmed in a separate study [9]. Further, studies of biomarkers of exposure to such harmful chemicals nd that switching from smoking to exclusive use of US JUUL reduces intake of these chemicals to approximately the same degree as quitting tobacco and nicotine products altogether [10].…”