Room evacuation in the presence of an obstacle

Frank, G.A.; Dorso, C. O.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2011.01.015

Cited by 165 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A practical solution that is commonly implemented to improve the flow in both scenarios, people escaping from a room and the discharge of a silo, is the placement of an obstacle (or insert) just before (or above) the exit [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In the case of the silo discharge, selecting the right insert position and size has been proved to increase the flow rate up to 10% [17,18].…”

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Silo Clogging Reduction by the Presence of an Obstacle

et al. 2011

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We present experimental results on the effect that inserting an obstacle just above the outlet of a silo has on the clogging process. We find that, if the obstacle position is properly selected, the probability that the granular flow is arrested can be reduced by a factor of 100. This dramatic effect occurs without any remarkable modification of the flow rate or the packing fraction above the outlet, which are discarded as the cause of the change in the clogging probability. Hence, inspired by previous results of pedestrian crowd dynamics, we propose that the physical mechanism behind the clogging reduction is a pressure decrease in the region of arch formation.

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“…In the case of the silo discharge, selecting the right insert position and size has been proved to increase the flow rate up to 10% [17,18]. In the case of human crowds, the placement of an insert decreases the transient clogs which are responsible of increasing the evacuation time of a room [2,13,14].…”

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Silo Clogging Reduction by the Presence of an Obstacle

et al. 2011

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“…The chosen time integration scheme was the velocity Verlet algorithm with a time step of 10 −4 s. Any other parameter was the same as in previous works (see Refs. [1,8]). …”

Section: A Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High pressures in room evacuation processes and a first approach to the dynamics around unconscious pedestrians

Cornes

Frank

Dorso

2017

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Clogging raises as the principal phenomenon during many evacuation processes of pedestrians in a panic situation. As people push to escape from danger, compression forces may increase to harming levels. Many individuals might fall down, while others will try to dodge the fallen people, or, simply pass through them. We studied the dynamics of the crowd for these situations, in the context of the "social force model". We modeled the unconscious (fallen) pedestrians as inanimate bodies that can be dodged (or not) by the surrounding individuals. We found that new morphological structures appear along the evacuating crowd. Under specific conditions, these structures may enhance the evacuation performance. The pedestrian's willings for either dodging or passing through the unconscious individuals play a relevant role in the overall evacuation performance.

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“…We call this model the Preferred Velocity (PV) model, and it is thus specified through v pw = 0, and e according to Equation (2). Thus the preferred force, Equation (1), of a waiting agent is reduced to F pw = −ẋ τ .…”

Section: The Preferred Velocity (Pv) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these models, the social force model (SFM) was introduced two decades ago by Helbing and Molnár [1], and has since then been frequently investigated in the literature, see e.g. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], and is also implemented in commercial software [12]. It should be noted that the SFM is only one of a large class of force based models of pedestrian dynamics with a history ranging as far back as the work by [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting pedestrians in the social force model

Johansson

Peterson

Tapani

2015

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic is an important and increasingly popular method to evaluate the performance of existing or proposed infrastructure. The social force model is a common model in simulations, describing the dynamics of pedestrian crowds given the goals of the simulated pedestrians encoded as their preferred velocities.The main focus of the literature has so far been how to choose the preferred velocities to produce realistic dynamic route choices for pedestrians moving through congested infrastructure. However, limited attention has been given the problem of choosing the preferred velocity to produce other behaviors, such as waiting, commonly occurring at, e.g., public transport interchange stations.We hypothesize that: 1) the inclusion of waiting pedestrians in a simulated scenario will significantly affect the level of service for passing pedestrians, and 2) the details of the waiting model affect the predicted level of service, that is, it is important to choose an appropriate model of waiting.We show that the treatment of waiting pedestrians have a significant impact on simulations of pedestrian traffic. We do this by introducing a series of extensions to the social force model to produce waiting behavior, and provide predictions of the model extensions that highlight their differences. We also present a sensitivity analysis and provide sufficient criteria for stability.

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Room evacuation in the presence of an obstacle

Cited by 165 publications

References 16 publications

Silo Clogging Reduction by the Presence of an Obstacle

Silo Clogging Reduction by the Presence of an Obstacle

High pressures in room evacuation processes and a first approach to the dynamics around unconscious pedestrians

Waiting pedestrians in the social force model

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