Room evacuation through two contiguous exits

Sticco, I.M.; Frank, G.A.; Cerrotta, S.; Dorso, C. O.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2017.01.079

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is a well known phenomenon called the Faster-is-Slower effect. This effect was reported in numerical simulations [7,9] and it has also experimental support [43].…”

Section: Appendix a Testing Out Previous Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

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A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

et al. 2020

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The fundamental diagram of pedestrian dynamics gives the relation between the density and the flow within a specific enclosure. It is characterized by two distinctive behaviors: the free-flow regime (for low densities) and the congested regime (for high densities). In the former, the flow is an increasing function of the density, while in the latter, the flow remains on hold or decreases. In this work, we perform numerical simulations of the pilgrimage at the entrance of the Jamaraat bridge (pedestrians walking along a straight corridor) and compare flow-density measurements with empirical measurements made by Helbing et al [1]. We show that under high density conditions, the basic Social Force Model (SFM) does not completely handle the fundamental diagram reported in empirical measurements. We use analytical techniques and numerical simulations to prove that with an appropriate modification of the friction coefficient (but sustaining the SFM) it is possible to attain behaviors which are in qualitative agreement with the empirical data. Other authors have already proposed a modification of the relaxation time in order to address this problem. In this work, we unveil the fact that our approach is analogous to theirs since both affect the same term of the reduced-in-units equation of motion. We show how the friction modification affects the pedestrian clustering structures throughout the transition from the free-flow regime to the congested regime. We also show that the speed profile, normalized by width and maximum velocity yields a universal behavior regardless of the corridor dimensions.

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“…This is a well known phenomenon called the Faster-is-Slower effect. This effect was reported in numerical simulations [7,9] and it has also experimental support [43].…”

Section: Appendix a Testing Out Previous Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The cutoff was set as R i + R j to assimilate the LAMMPS built-in function with the cluster definition given in Eq. (9). If a pedestrian has no neighbors within the cutoff distance, then it is a 1pedestrian cluster.…”

Section: Simulation Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

et al. 2020

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“…A larger number of models have been proposed for agent-based crowd simulation. Many of these are based on the well-known and popular social forces model (SFM) by Helbing and Molnar (1995); for example, researchers have recently used this model directly to model evacuation scenarios (Sticco et al 2017) and with adaptations for specific situations (e.g. Li et al 2017).…”

Section: Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality crowd simulation: effects of agent density on user experience and behaviour

et al. 2018

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Agent-based crowd simulations are used for modelling building and space usage, allowing designers to explore hypothetical real-world scenarios, including extraordinary events such as evacuations. Existing work which engages virtual reality (VR) as a platform for crowd simulations has been primarily focussed on the validation of simulation models through observation; the use of interactions such as gaze to enhance a sense of immersion; or studies of proxemics. In this work, we extend previous studies of proxemics and examine the effects of varying crowd density on user experience and behaviour. We have created a simulation in which participants walk freely and perform a routine manual task, whilst interacting with agents controlled by a typical social force simulation model. We examine and report the effects of crowd density on both affective state and behaviour. Our results show a significant increase in negative affect with density, measured using a self-report scale. We further show significant differences in some aspects of user behaviours, using video analysis, and discuss how our results relate to VR simulation design for mixed human-agent scenarios.

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“…The tangential friction between pedestrians belonging to this blocking structure was shown to play a relevant role with respect to the whole evacuation delays [3,4]. However, either the amount of blocking structures or its time life can vary according to the door width, the presence of obstacles or fallen individuals [5,6]. Further * codorso@df.uba.ar studies on blocking structures appearing in granular media research can be found in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the faster-is-slower effect

et al. 2017

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The "faster-is-slower" effect arises when crowded people push each other to escape through an exit during an emergency situation. As individuals push harder, a statistical slowing down in the evacuation time can be achieved. The slowing down is caused by the presence of small groups of pedestrians (say, a small human cluster) that temporarily block the way out when trying to leave the room. The pressure on the pedestrians belonging to this blocking cluster increases for increasing anxiety levels and/or a larger number of individuals trying to leave the room through the same door. Our investigation shows, however, that very high pressures alter the dynamics in the blocking cluster and, thus, change the statistics of the time delays along the escaping process. A reduction in the long lasting delays can be acknowledged, while the overall evacuation performance improves. We present results on this phenomenon taking place beyond the faster-is-slower regime.

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Room evacuation through two contiguous exits

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

Virtual reality crowd simulation: effects of agent density on user experience and behaviour

Beyond the faster-is-slower effect

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