Room-temperature curable carbon cathode for hole-conductor free perovskite solar cells

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

“…High conductivity of graphite is associated with a high number of delocalized p electrons, meaning that increasing the graphite content in the layer decreases its sheet resistivity. 176 Ku et al have shown how the graphite shape (e.g. spheroidal, flaky) affects the photovoltaic properties of the solar cell devices.…”

“…178 In order to form a continuous electrode layer, an organic binder such as ethyl cellulose is normally used. 176 Since such a binder has to be removed before the introduction of perovskite solution into the cell layers, the carbon-based layer has to be sintered at temperatures over 400 1C. This introduces a serious obstacle for the traditional layer-by-layer deposition method that is predominant in the perovskite community.…”

“…179 Dileep et al implemented carboxy-methylcellulose, which could be used as a low-temperature curable binder. 176 Adding a carbon powder, they were able to get a paste curable at room temperature. Recently, Han's group has successfully developed an LTCB paste, with the help of titanium(IV) isopropoxide and acetic acid acting as low-temperature binders dispersed in terpineol.…”

The role of carbon-based materials in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells

“…17 Carbon electrodes are chemically stable, inert to ion migration, and moisture resistance making them the promising conducting electrode. 207 Many groups have explored the stability of the HSL-free PSCs using carbon electrodes (C-PSCs) and considerably high stabilities have been reported for this type of PSCs. 139,150,208,209 C-PSCs usually have the architecture of FTO/TiO 2 dense layer/TiO 2 mesoporous layer/LHP/carbon (Fig.…”

Towards Simplifying the Device Structure of High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The other type is the printable mesoscopic structure (TCO/ETL/ZrO 2 insulated layer/carbon: perovskite) ( Table 3 ). [ 104–116 ] This structure was first reported by Han's group. The last one is the inverted structure without HTL (TCO/perovskite/ETL/counter electrode) ( Table 4 ).…”