Room Temperature, Electrochemical Generation of Ozone with 50% Current Efficiency in 0.5M Sulfuric Acid at Cell Voltages < 3V

New insights into electrocatalytic ozone generation via splitting of water over PbO2 electrode: A DFT study

“…The ΔG 0 rxn for this deprotonation is calculated at 1.17 eV. This value can be used to determine the minimum potential of 1.17 V required for this deprotonation to occur [33], which is in agreement with an experimental onset potential of 1.80 V or above [9].…”

“…In electrolysis, H 2 O undergoes decomposition at the anode through either a 4 or 6 electron process shown in reactions 1 and 2 [9] …”

Deposition efficiency in the preparation of ozone-producing nickel and antimony doped tin oxide anodes

“…An intriguing aspect of the material was that a very small concentration of nickel added to the mixed oxide yielded an electrode that made it possible to produce ozone at low anode potentials (2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) at room temperature and at relatively high current efficiencies (∼30 %) while the current efficiency was almost 0 % in the absence of nickel. Since then, several groups have studied the material and current efficiencies of up to 54 % at potentials below 3 V vs. Ag/AgCl have been reported [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The minimum energy demand found so far is 18 kWh/kg O3 [7] which, to our knowledge, is the lowest value reported for the electrochemical formation of ozone and is moreover low enough to compete with the CCD process.…”

“…Current efficiencies of up to 50 % [1,2] have been reached, but then requiring either low operational temperatures (PbO2) [2,3], very high cell voltage (BDD) [4], or both [1]. This affects the overall efficiency resulting in a high-energy consumption, 65 -84 kWh/kg O3 and 130 kWh/kg O3 for PbO2 [5,6] and BDD [1], respectively, to be compared with the energy consumption of the commercially common cold corona discharge (CCD) process of 8 -29 kWh/kg O3 [7].…”

Anodic Materials with High Energy Efficiency for Electrochemical Oxidation of Toxic Organics in Waste Water

“…Berenguer et al (2009) found that Ru and Pt co-doped tin dioxide electrode had better electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution. It was reported that with trace amount of nickel and antimony doped tin dioxide electrode showed promising applications for anodic oxidation and the current efficiency for ozone generation could reach upto 50%, which was much higher than that on lead dioxide (Christensen et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2005). In order to improve the adhesion and stability, people also tried to apply interlayer between the substrate and the top active layer.…”