Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in InGaN Nanostructures Induced by Cr+ ion Implantation

Abstract

This paper presents the magnetic properties of chrome ion (Cr+) implanted InxGa1−xN (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0) nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Cr+ implantation was conducted at 110 keV with three doses, namely 2.6 × 1015, 5.3 × 1015, and 1.3 × 1016 ions/cm2. The as-grown nanostructures exhibited diamagnetism before and after ion implantation without annealing. However, after annealing, the nanostructures exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive force (Hc) increase with increasing Cr+ dose. The Ms of the InN nanorods with diameters of 100–160 nm is larger than that of those with small diameters of 60–80 nm. For InGaN nanostructures, the indium concentration—that is, the band structure—is more important than the diameters of the nanorods for the same doping level of Cr ions. The Ms of InGaN nanorods with an indium concentration of 10% reaches its maximum. The zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves show that nanostructures have no parasitic magnetic phases.

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“…The InGaN films on LT-GaN exhibit emissions corresponding to the near-band transitions (NBE) of GaN located at approximately 3.4 eV, as observed in Figure a . Additionally, a higher-intensity emission between 3.1 and 2.8 eV can be observed and attributed to InGaN NBE because of the shift toward a lower energy according to the indium composition . The band and shoulder observed at 2.62 and 2.26 eV, respectively, are commonly attributed to luminescence produced by native defect states in the material. , …”

New Approach to Non-Volatile Metal Ion Production Using Plasma Ion Source with Internal Evaporator

“…It was also shown that formation of intermetalic Laves phases in titanium and ZrNb alloy is possible via Cr + ion implantation [17,18]. Irradiation with Cr + ions can also change magnetic properties of semiconductors like InGaN or CdTe [19,20] as well as minerals like rutile [21]. It was also shown that Ni + implantation followed by annealing leads to formation of magnetic nanoparticles e.g.…”