Room temperature ionic liquids enhanced the speciation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Simultaneous speciation of inorganic chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by hollow‐fiber‐based liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with HPLC–UV

“…The analytical performance of the proposed method was compared with other reported methods on speciation of chromium . The results are summarized in Supporting Information Table S3 and indicate that the proposed method has comparatively low detection limits and an appropriate preconcentration factor.…”

Chromium speciation using task specific ionic liquid/aqueous phase biphasic system combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…As a result, accurate determination of Cr species at trace levels is an important challenge, because the analytical techniques such as flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, can only detect the total amount of Cr. Consequently, sample preparation methods are required for separation and preconcentration of Cr species before detection [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. On the other hand, most of the reported pretreatment procedures are neither selective nor sensitive enough.…”

Multiple response optimization of sequential speciation of chromium in water samples by in situ solvent formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry determination

“…Various techniques for Cr separation and preconcentration have been proposed, including ion exchange [8], adsorption [9], coprecipitation [10], cloud point extraction (CPE) [11], and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [12]. Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) [13], and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [14,15] are promising miniaturized preconcentration techniques which have attracted considerable attention for simplicity, low cost, fast extraction speed and high preconcentration factors. However, in the presence of high content of salt, the performance of CPE, LPME and DLLME significantly decreases.…”