Room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensing using Cu 2 SnS 3 /CdS heterojunction

Lokhande, A.C.; Yadav, Ajay Kumar; Lee, JuYeon; Patil, Swati J.; Lokhande, Vaibhav C.; Lokhande, C.D.; Kim, Jihun

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.135

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Considering that semiconductor heterojunction design strategies are effective to promote the efficient separation charge carriers and minimize their recombination, we expect that further performance enhancement can be achieved through coupling of CTS with a suitable n-type semiconductor to the formed heterojunction. The beneficial role of n-type material heterointerface (p–n junction) with p-type CTS for low-cost photovoltaics, gas sensing, and photoelectrochemical sensor applications has been reported. − Here, we propose CdS and ZnS as suitable photoanode materials and hence quantified their structural, optical, and PEC activities. The XRD pattern and Raman spectrum of the CdS (Figure S11a,b) and ZnS (Figure S12a,b) NPs confirm their crystallinity and phase purity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

et al. 2021

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Ternary Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) is an attractive nontoxic and earth-abundant absorber material with suitable optoelectronic properties for cost-effective photoelectrochemical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of high-quality CTS nanoparticles (NPs) using a low-cost facile hot injection route, which is a very simple and nontoxic synthesis method. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties and heterojunction band alignment of the as-synthesized CTS NPs have been systematically characterized using various state-of-the-art experimental techniques and atomistic first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The phase-pure CTS NPs confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analyses have an optical band gap of 1.1 eV and exhibit a random distribution of uniform spherical particles with size of approximately 15–25 nm as determined from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. The CTS photocathode exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical properties with PCE of 0.55% (fill factor (FF) = 0.26 and open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.54 V) and photocurrent density of −3.95 mA/cm 2 under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm 2 ). Additionally, the PEC activities of CdS and ZnS NPs are investigated as possible photoanodes to create a heterojunction with CTS to enhance the PEC activity. CdS is demonstrated to exhibit a higher current density than ZnS, indicating that it is a better photoanode material to form a heterojunction with CTS. Consistently, we predict a staggered type-II band alignment at the CTS/CdS interface with a small conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.08 eV compared to a straddling type-I band alignment at the CTS/ZnS interface with a CBO of 0.29 eV. The observed small CBO at the type-II band aligned CTS/CdS interface points to efficient charge carrier separation and transport across the interface, which are necessary to achieve enhanced PEC activity. The facile CTS synthesis, PEC measurements, and heterojunction band alignment results provide a promising approach for fabricating next-generation Cu-based light-absorbing materials for efficient photoelectrochemical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

et al. 2021

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“…Many successful efforts have been made to achieve a low operating temperature using a variety of nanomaterials; their hybrid structures and composite materials have even been demonstrated to work at room temperature (RT). [6][7][8][9][10][11] This particular feature is typically observed in CdS nanocomposites or CdS heterostructures. Nevertheless, the other sensing parameters, viz., the response and recovery times, sensitivity, and detection limit depend on other composite or heterostructure materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Enormous efforts have been made to develop a gas sensor with high sensitivity, high selectivity, short response and recovery times and most importantly a low operating temperature using diverse materials to detect noxious, explosive, inammable and pollutant gases. [5][6][7][8][9][10] However, the invention of semiconductor-based sensing devices with identical desired parameters to identify hazardous gases for a healthy ambience is still an open challenge for researchers. Many successful efforts have been made to achieve a low operating temperature using a variety of nanomaterials; their hybrid structures and composite materials have even been demonstrated to work at room temperature (RT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CdS nanodroplets over silica microballs for efficient room-temperature LPG detection

2019

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“…Zhu et al were the first to show that Zn 1− x Cd x S ternary sulfide can serve as a gas sensor material for selective sensing of the ethanol vapors at 206 °C . Another ternary sulfide Cu 2 SnS 3 /CdS was reported for the room temperature sensing of the liquefied petroleum gas . Recently, Zhang et al studied CuInS 2 quantum dots decorated ring‐like NiO for the sensing of NO 2 gas at room temperature although the material does not recover to its initial state .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Gas Sensing by Cu₃SnS₄ Nanoparticulate Film: High Selectivity, Stability, and Reversibility for Room Temperature H₂S Sensing

Thripuranthaka

Sharma

Das

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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very important parameters in their performance evaluation.Hydrogen sulfide H 2 S is a toxic gas that has hazardous effects on the respiratory system leading to neurological disorders as well. [1] H 2 S, also called sewer gas, is released during the decay of organic materials, septic systems during bacterial breakdown, and petroleum drilling and refining. Hence, the demand to investigate new functional materials for the detection of traces of H 2 S is quite relevant.Gas sensors have been fabricated using metal oxides, [6] polymers, [7,8] and organicinorganic hybrid materials [9][10][11] for the sensing of a particular analyte. Metal oxide based sensors, for example, SnO 2 , [2,12,13] TiO 2 , [14] and CuO/ZnO [15] are the most investigated since they exhibit high sensitivity, fast response, and recovery. However, they lack selectivity and possess safety and stability issues due to their high-temperature operation, [16,13] and the signal drift [17,18] with time hinders the integration and miniaturization of the devices. As possible alternatives to metal oxides, nanostructured metal sulfides (i.e., SnS 2 and Cu x S) [4,[19][20][21] and 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS 2 , [22] WS 2 , [23,24] and MoSe 2 [25,26] have been recently explored for NO 2 , NH 3 , and VOC sensing due to their tunable structural, electronic, and optical properties. Unfortunately, these materials are limited by their long response and recovery times and stability issues under ambient conditions. It has been reported that the decoration of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) (Au, Ag, Pt) on metal oxides and metal sulfides enhances the performance of sensing materials in terms of their selectivity, stability, and recovery. [27] Nevertheless, this increases the cost and complexity of the synthesis and device fabrication.On the other hand, studies on the physical and chemical properties of metal chalcogenides have shown the competence of these materials to operate as sensors at low powers leading to conservation of energy and also from the safety point of view as they could be operated at low temperatures. [18] The relatively lower band gap of metal chalcogenides is an added advantage for application as compared to wide band gap of semiconductors. This motivates one to explore metal sulfides for sensing applications. [18] Several binary sulfides are used for sensing of gases such as NH 3 , NO 2 , and H 2 , but not for H 2 S, especially at room temperature, because of the relative inactivity of metal sulfide surface bonds for this gas. The situation can be entirely different in the ternary case, however, due to the possible synergy of interactions involving dual cation surface chemistry. This is borne out by the present work wherein the Cu 3 SnS 4 material, the Cu-rich ternary sulfide used for the first time in the gas sensing context, not only senses H 2 S at room temperature but also remarkably does so with high selectivity and stability. Thus, a combined experimental and computer modeling study on the use of nanocrystalline ort...

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Room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensing using Cu 2 SnS 3 /CdS heterojunction

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

CdS nanodroplets over silica microballs for efficient room-temperature LPG detection

A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Gas Sensing by Cu₃SnS₄ Nanoparticulate Film: High Selectivity, Stability, and Reversibility for Room Temperature H₂S Sensing

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Room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensing using Cu 2 SnS 3 /CdS heterojunction

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Ternary Cu2SnS3: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

Ternary Cu2SnS3: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

CdS nanodroplets over silica microballs for efficient room-temperature LPG detection

A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Gas Sensing by Cu3SnS4 Nanoparticulate Film: High Selectivity, Stability, and Reversibility for Room Temperature H2S Sensing

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Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

Ternary Cu₂SnS₃: Synthesis, Structure, Photoelectrochemical Activity, and Heterojunction Band Offset and Alignment

A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Gas Sensing by Cu₃SnS₄ Nanoparticulate Film: High Selectivity, Stability, and Reversibility for Room Temperature H₂S Sensing