Room temperature liquid metal: its melting point, dominating mechanism and applications

Fu, Jun‐Heng; Zhang, Chenglin; Liu, Tianying; Liu, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11708-019-0653-8

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…[43] Such supercooling effects of LM can be significantly reduced by changing the types of solvents and LMs or adding nucleating agent. [44][45][46] Figure 2C showed the reversible NTC behavior for BMPC conductor that increasing temperature (10-50 °C) would lead to the decrease of resistance (2 × 10 8 to 1 Ω), indicating that the electrical connective network in BMPCs was significantly influenced by temperature. Decreasing the temperature reversed the phenomenon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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Metal–polymer composites (MPCs) with combined properties of metals and polymers have achieved much industrial success. However, metals in MPCs are thought to be ordinary and invariable electrically conductive fillers in supportive polymers to show limited use in modern technologies. This work that is disclosed here, for the first time, introduces stimuli‐driven transition from biphasic to monophasic state of liquid metal into polymer science to form dynamic soft conductors from the binary metal–polymer composites. The binary metal that exhibits temperature‐driven reversible transition between solid and liquid states via a biphasic state is fabricated. A conducting stretchable polymer composite is developed using the judiciously chosen biphasic binary metal that undergoes conductor to insulator transition upon stretching. Insulating stretched films become conducting upon heating. A “tube” model elegantly describes such distinctive deformation/temperature‐dependent behaviors. Moreover, the conducting polymer composite shows decrease in its resistance upon increasing the sample temperature. The resistance can be tuned from 1 to 108 Ω depending on the state of binary metal in the phase diagram. This work would build the intimate and interesting connection between metal phases and polymer science toward next‐generation soft conductors and beyond.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

et al. 2021

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“…[ 318 ] In addition to these solid‐state nanomaterials, liquid metals (e.g., EGaIn) also attract increasing interest for flexible electronics, due to their metallic conductivities and excellent capability for undergoing large‐degree mechanical deformations without fracture. [ 319–321 ] Liquid metals usually have high surface tensions, and an oxide layer occurs on the surface of liquid metal droplets once it is exposed to air. [ 322,323 ] DIW and spray coating have been applied to deposit liquid metal electrodes.…”

Section: Functional Materials For Ink‐based Am Of Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Human-integrated devices include wearable and implantable devices for monitoring vital human signals or interacting with the human body. [1-3] The human-integrated devices needed to be tethered to the organs or the human skin for implementing their functions such as sensing and energy harvesting. [4-18] The economical, agile, customizable manufacturing, and integration of multifunctional device modules into networked systems with mechanical compliance and robustness will enable unprecedented human-integrated smart wearables [19-23] and usher in exciting opportunities in emerging technologies such as electronics, [24-29] wearable computation, [30-36] human-machine interface, [37-42] robotics, [43-48] and advanced healthcare. [49-54] The fabrication of stateof-the-art microelectronics involves hightemperature processing steps, which are generally incompatible with the flexible substrates (e.g., paper, polymer, fiber, etc.) [55-61] widely used in the wearable devices. Moreover, the current microfabrication technologies are not well positioned to process the emerging functional nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires [NWs] and 2D materials). [62-65] Such incomparability severely limits the pace of deploying these emerging materials (despite their unprecedented properties) in wearable and flexible device technologies. The additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as potential candidates for addressing the earlier limitations of the current microfabrication technologies in fabricating flexible/wearable printed devices with diversified functionalities, e.g., energy harvesting/storage, sensing, actuation, and computation, leveraging advantages such as maskless processing, versatile ink formulation, low cost, low processing temperature, and scalability. [66-71] Researchers have devoted tremendous efforts to develop the related technologies, and several reviews have provided excellent discussions on the material formulation and process aspects of AM techniques. [63,72-79] However, to our best knowledge, there are few review reports about the ink-based additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human-integrated smart wearables. To fill this gap, here we review the recent progress in ink-based

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“…To reduce the costs and make the concept commercially feasible, we hypothesize that the same method could be directly applied to a low-cost eutectic alloy of tin and bismuth with a melting point of 139.8 °C . As previously demonstrated, using thermodynamic calculations the foaming process can locally reach 200 °C, which would allow for melting and sintering of this alloy .…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Bi–Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals

et al. 2020

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Metallic foams, with intrinsic catalytic properties, are critical for heterogeneous catalysis reactions and reactor designs. Market ready catalytic foams are costly and made of multimaterial coatings with large sub-millimeter open cells providing insufficient active surface area. Here we use the principle of nanometallurgy within liquid metals to prepare nanostructured catalytic metal foams using a low-cost alloy of bismuth and tin with sub-micrometer open cells. The eutectic bismuth and tin liquid metal alloy was processed into nanoparticles and blown into a tin and bismuth nanophase separated heterostructure in aqueous media at room temperature and using an indium brazing agent. The CO2 electroconversion efficiency of the catalytic foam is presented with an impressive 82% conversion efficiency toward formates at high current density of −25 mA cm–2 (−1.2 V vs RHE). Nanometallurgical process applied to liquid metals will lead to exciting possibilities for expanding industrial and research accessibility of catalytic foams.

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Room temperature liquid metal: its melting point, dominating mechanism and applications

Cited by 36 publications

References 119 publications

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Stimuli‐Driven Insulator–Conductor Transition in a Flexible Polymer Composite Enabled by Biphasic Liquid Metal

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

Bi–Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals

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