Room temperature operation of submicrometre radius disk laser

Levi, A. F. J.; McCall, S. L.; Pearton, S. J.; Logan, R.A.

doi:10.1049/el:19931109

Cited by 91 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The smallest disk laser reported in the literature so far consisted of a 1.6 m diameter "thumbtack" laser fabricated in the InGaAs/ InGaAsP quantum well ͑QW͒ material system emitting light at wavelength of 1.54 m in 1993. 10 In this letter, we report even smaller visible microdisk lasers fabricated in InGaP / InGaAlP QW material and emitting light at a wavelength of approximately 645 nm. The 645± 5 nm diameter of our freestanding disk laser is about the same as the vacuum emission wavelength.…”

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Visible submicron microdisk lasers

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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The authors describe the performance of submicron microdisk lasers fabricated within InGaP / InGaAlP quantum well material working at room temperature. The smallest lasers, with diameters of approximately 600 nm, feature ultrasmall mode volumes and exhibit single mode operation at low threshold powers. Their small cavity volumes of approximately 0.03 m 3 enable microdisk lasers to be used as spectroscopic sources. Here the authors demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of visible, monolithically fabricated, submicron microdisk lasers. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2714312͔ Semiconductor microdisk lasers based on microfabricated whispering gallery mode cavities have been studied for over 15 years, and were originally pioneered in InGaAsP material emitting in the near-infrared telecommunication wavelength range, as this material exhibits low surface recombination losses. High Q factors, monolithic fabrication, and the possibility of dense integration make the microdisk geometry a very promising candidate for optical communications and chemical sensing. By selecting various material systems, microdisk lasers have been demonstrated at many different wavelengths ranging from the UV to the IR.1-6 By depositing one contact on the top surface of the disk and establishing a conducting path from the laser through the substrate, electrical injection lasers have also been realized in this geometry.7-9 Shrinking the disk size was shown to enable large scale integration and low energy consumption. However, due to the high optical bend losses inherent to small disk microcavities, much research still focuses on cavity sizes over 2 m in diameter. The smallest disk laser reported in the literature so far consisted of a 1.6 m diameter "thumbtack" laser fabricated in the InGaAs/ InGaAsP quantum well ͑QW͒ material system emitting light at wavelength of 1.54 m in 1993. 10 In this letter, we report even smaller visible microdisk lasers fabricated in InGaP / InGaAlP QW material and emitting light at a wavelength of approximately 645 nm. The 645± 5 nm diameter of our freestanding disk laser is about the same as the vacuum emission wavelength. To our knowledge the diameter relative to the wavelength is even smaller than previous reported results. Furthermore, the device operates at room temperature with a low excitation threshold of 50 W. The cavity volumes of these laser devices, calculated to be approximately 0.03 m 3 , are well suited for the exploration of laser performance at the extreme limits of laser size. Ultrasmall lasers in visible light emitting material systems are also expected to be excellent spectroscopy sources to perform very local chemical and biological measurements.InGaP / InGaAlP quantum wells were grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition on top of a sacrificial AlGaAs layer, deposited onto a GaAs substrate. Optical gain was provided by two 7 nm thick and compressively strained InGaP quantum wells that were separated by 10 nm InGaAlP barriers ͓Fig. 1͑a͔͒. The active quaternar...

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confidence: 99%

Visible submicron microdisk lasers

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Size reduction of semiconductor lasers have in the past enabled studies of many rich physics on an ever decreasing spatial scale and the development of many technological applications. The quantum optics and laser physics community has witnessed dramatic progress over the past few decades in making increasingly smaller lasers using pure dielectric structures such as microdisk lasers, [15][16][17] photonic wire lasers, 18 photonic crystal (PC) lasers, [19][20][21][22] or nanowire lasers. 10,[23][24][25][26] These lasers represented the smallest lasers made of pure dielectric structures, and further miniaturization becomes exceedingly challenging.…”

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Room-temperature continuous wave lasing in deep-subwavelength metallic cavities under electrical injection

et al. 2012

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“…It is also known that the whispering gallery modes formed in the microdisk cavity radiate mostly in the radial direction and the vertical radiation intensity is very low [26], [27]. In fact, due to the exponential decrease of the with decreasing disk size, it was difficult to realize lasing operations in the whispering gallery mode of the micro-disk with a diameter smaller than 1.5 m and the azimuthal mode number 5 [28], [29]. In the WGM achieved in the photonic-crystal structure, this in-plain radiation would be very effectively suppressed by the photonic bandgap.…”

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The smallest possible whispering-gallery-like mode in the square lattice photonic-crystal slab single-defect cavity

Ryu

Hwang

Lee

2003

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-The smallest possible whispering-gallery-like mode (WGM) formed in a free-standing square-lattice photonic-crystal slab single-defect cavity is studied by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The WGM is nondegenerate and the only existing resonant mode in the transverse electric mode bandgap of the square lattice. High-quality factors are achieved from this mode by suppressing both the in-plane and the out-of-plane optical losses. By optimizing the structural parameters, the total quality factor 18 000 and the vertical quality factor 40 000 are obtained from the WGM. The quality factor does not decrease significantly in the presence of a current flow path at the center of the cavity due to the null of electromagnetic energy at the cavity center, which means this mode is advantageous to achieve electrically pumped photonic-crystal lasers. In addition, by combining the high-quality factor with wavelength-size small-mode volume, very high Purcell factors 8000 are achieved, the largest value ever reported. The WGM of the square-lattice single-defect cavity is promising for both cavity quantum electrodynamics research and the low-threshold microcavity laser.

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Room temperature operation of submicrometre radius disk laser

Cited by 91 publications

References 1 publication

Visible submicron microdisk lasers

Visible submicron microdisk lasers

Room-temperature continuous wave lasing in deep-subwavelength metallic cavities under electrical injection

The smallest possible whispering-gallery-like mode in the square lattice photonic-crystal slab single-defect cavity

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