Room temperature strong coupling between a microwave oscillator and an ensemble of electron spins

Boero, Giovanni; Gualco, Gabriele; Lisowski, Radoslaw; Anders, Jens; Suter, Dieter; Brugger, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.004

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The principle of operation of the single-chip ESR detectors described in this paper is identical to that reported in Refs. [12][13][14][15]. In typical experimental conditions, the oscillation frequency of an LC-oscillator coupled with an ensemble of electron spins is given by […”

Section: Operating Principle Of the Single-chip Esr Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) phenomenon are used to investigate samples in a wide temperature range, ranging from above 1000 K [1][2][3][4] to below 1 K [5][6][7]. The measurements are usually performed using either relatively large cavities or miniaturized conducting [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and superconducting [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25] resonators. Miniaturized resonators are typically used in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with small samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Refs. [12][13][14][15] we presented single-chip integrated inductive ESR detectors, fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, operating between 8 GHz and 28 GHz in the temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K. The ESR phenomenon was detected as a variation of the frequency of an integrated LC-oscillator due to an effective variation of its coil impedance caused by the resonant complex susceptibility of the sample. Here, we report on the design and characterization of single-chip ESR detectors based on the same operating principle but operating at significantly higher frequencies, in particular at 50 GHz (U-band), 92 GHz (W-band), and 146 GHz (D-band).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Matheoud

Gualco

Jeong

et al. 2017

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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We report on the design and characterization of single-chip electron spin resonance (ESR) detectors operating at 50GHz, 92GHz, and 146GHz. The core of the single-chip ESR detectors is an integrated LC-oscillator, formed by a single turn aluminum planar coil, a metal-oxide-metal capacitor, and two metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors used as negative resistance network. On the same chip, a second, nominally identical, LC-oscillator together with a mixer and an output buffer are also integrated. Thanks to the slightly asymmetric capacitance of the mixer inputs, a signal at a few hundreds of MHz is obtained at the output of the mixer. The mixer is used for frequency down-conversion, with the aim to obtain an output signal at a frequency easily manageable off-chip. The coil diameters are 120μm, 70μm, and 45μm for the U-band, W-band, and the D-band oscillators, respectively. The experimental frequency noises at 100kHz offset from the carrier are 90Hz/Hz, 300Hz/Hz, and 700Hz/Hz at 300K, respectively. The ESR spectra are obtained by measuring the frequency variations of the single-chip oscillators as a function of the applied magnetic field. The experimental spin sensitivities, as measured with a sample of α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA)/benzene complex, are 1×10spins/Hz, 4×10spins/Hz, 2×10spins/Hz at 300K, respectively. We also show the possibility to perform experiments up to 360GHz by means of the higher harmonics in the microwave field produced by the integrated single-chip LC-oscillators.

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Section: Operating Principle Of the Single-chip Esr Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Matheoud

Gualco

Jeong

et al. 2017

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…This gives rise to strong interactions of the electric or magnetic dipole moment of a two-level system with the electromagnetic field of the cavity. In order to allow the coherent exchange of energy on the single photon level, [8][9][10] the coupling strength of the single-mode cavity with the two level system has to exceed all dissipation rates in the system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective strong coupling with homogeneous Rabi frequencies using a 3D lumped element microwave resonator

Angerer

Astner

Wirtitsch

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We design and implement 3D lumped element microwave cavities for the coherent and uniform coupling to electron spins hosted by nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.Our design spatially focuses the magnetic field to a small mode volume. We achieve large homogeneous single spin coupling rates, with an enhancement of the single spin Rabi frequency of more than one order of magnitude compared to standard 3D cavities with a fundamental resonance at 3 GHz. Finite element simulations confirm that the magnetic field component is homogeneous throughout the entire sample volume, with a RMS deviation of 1.54%. With a sample containing 10 17 nitrogen vacancy electron spins we achieve a collective coupling strength of Ω = 12 MHz, a cooperativity factor C = 27 and clearly enter the strong coupling regime. This allows to interface a macroscopic spin ensemble with microwave circuits, and the homogeneous Rabi frequency paves the way to manipulate the full ensemble population in a coherent way.

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“…In our case, the spin ensemble can be treated as a simple harmonic oscillator 7 . The unique rigorous condition to reach strong coupling regime [8][9][10][11] is given by g c » γ s » κ c , where κ c and γ s are the resonator and emitter damping rates respectively. Another way to describe the strength of the coupling between the spins and the cavity mode is given by the cooperative factor, where the strong coupling is measured by C = g c 2 /(2κ c γ s ) » 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards achieving strong coupling in three-dimensional-cavity with solid state spin resonance

Floch

Delhote

Aubourg

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We investigate the microwave magnetic field confinement in several microwave 3D-cavities, using 3D finite-element analysis to determine the best design and achieve strong coupling between microwave resonant cavity photons and solid state spins. Specifically, we design cavities for achieving strong coupling of electromagnetic modes with an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond. We report here a novel and practical cavity design with a magnetic filling factor of up to 4 times (2 times higher collective coupling) than previously achieved using 1D superconducting cavities with small mode volume. In addition, we show that by using a double-split resonator cavity, it is possible to achieve up to 200 times better cooperative factor than the currently demonstrated with NV in diamond. These designs open up further opportunities for studying strong and ultra-strong coupling effects on spins in solids using alternative systems with a wider range of design parameters.PACS numbers: 33.15, 41.20, 42.50 Keywords: strong coupling modeling, high cooperative factor, microwave resonator, NV center, electromagnetic wave a)Electronic mail: jm_lefloch@hust.edu.cn, jeanmichel.lefloch@uwa.edu.au 2 Strong coupling of paramagnetic spin defects with a photonic cavity is used in quantum computer architecture, to interface electrons spins with photons, facilitating their read-out and processing of quantum information. To achieve this, the combination of collective coupling of spins and cavity mode is more feasible, and offers a promising method. This is a relevant milestone to develop advanced quantum technology and to test fundamental physics principles.

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Room temperature strong coupling between a microwave oscillator and an ensemble of electron spins

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Collective strong coupling with homogeneous Rabi frequencies using a 3D lumped element microwave resonator

Towards achieving strong coupling in three-dimensional-cavity with solid state spin resonance

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