Root Absorption and Translocation of Picloram by Oats and Soybeans

Isensee, Allan R.; Jones, Gerald E.; Turner, Becky

doi:10.1017/s0043174500051158

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These results strongly suggest that an energy relationship is involved in the uptake of picloram. Similar suggestions have been made earlier by other investigators for the uptake of picloram (Baur and Bovey 1970, Isensee et al 1971) and other growth regulators (Christie and Leopold 1965, Johnson and Bonner 1956, Vanden Born 1968. Subcellular distribution: -More than 95 "/o of the radioactivity in aqueous extracts of ^*C-picloram-treated excised plant segments was recovered in the soluble fraction (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These lines of evidence strongly suggest that there are both passive and active components involved in the uptake of picloram, possibly an initial entry by passive diffusion and then immediate involvement of an active metabolic component. A similar suggestion has been made by Isensee et al (1971) for picloram uptake by oat {Avena sativa L.) and soybean seedlings from nutrient solution. Metabolic processes also could have an indirect effect on uptake by influencing cytoplasmic viscosity and accumulation and binding of picloram in the tissue, thus altering the concentration gradient across the surface layers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Sharma

Born

1973

Physiologia Plantarum

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Excised soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls, barley [Hordeum vulgare L.) coleoptiles, barley leaf sections,, and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) leaf discs continuously absorbed "C-picloram from a buffered solution over a 24 h period. After an 8 h uptake period excised sections released up to 30 Vo of the absorbed picioram into 'clean' buffer solution in a 4 h period. Leaf sections released less than did tke other tissues. Uptake of ^''C-picioram by soybean hypocotyl and barley coleoptiie sections increased with an increase in temperature from 5 to 35°C. Uptake was promoted by added ATP and sucrose but inhibited by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and DNP.After differential centrifugation of aqueous extracts of '*Cpicloram-treated excised tissues more than 95 Vo of the radioactivity was in tke soluble fraction.Ira excised barley and Canada thistle leaf tissues, 3 days after treatment,, part of the '"C-picloram was conjugated with plant constituents,, largely with sugar(s). After acid hydrolysis of ethanol extracts of such tissues only unaltered picioram was detected. In barley coleoptile and soybean hypocotyl sections no conjugation products of ^''C-picloram were detected.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Sharma

Born

1973

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Arsenic might interfere with the biosynthetic pathway of PS, resulting in a low concentration of PS in the roots. It has been well established that arsenite reacts with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins in the roots (Speer 1973) causing a disruption to root function (Isensee et al . 1971; Orwick et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of arsenic on phytosiderophores and mineral nutrition of barley seedlings grown in iron-depleted medium

Shaibur

Kitajima²,

Sugawara³

et al. 2009

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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A hydroponic experiment with barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) grown in iron (Fe)‐depleted medium in the presence of added arsenic (As) at the rates of 0, 0.67, 6.7 and 67 µmol L−1 (equivalent to 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg L−1 As, respectively) showed that increasing the As concentration in the medium lowered the release of phytosiderophores (PS) and their concentration in the roots. This Fe‐depleted experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of As on the release and concentration of PS in roots and on the phosphorus (P) and Fe concentrations in plants. The chlorophyll index increased substantially in the 67 µmol L−1 As treatment compared with the other treatments. This result indicated that higher concentrations of As might interrupt the appearance of Fe chlorosis in plants grown in Fe‐depleted medium. Arsenic at a level of 67 µmol L−1 increased the Fe concentration and accumulation in shoots disappearing the whitish chlorosis. An increased concentration of Fe in the shoot might also be responsible for lowering the release and concentration of PS in the roots. Increases in the concentration of Fe in the shoot most likely resulted from enhanced Fe translocation from the roots to the shoots. The physiological mechanism of the higher Fe translocation with As needs to be investigated. Arsenic lowered the concentrations of P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the shoot at the 67 µmol L−1 level. A higher Fe concentration and higher ratio of Fe/P in the shoot might be responsible for the greening of the leaves in the 67 µmol L−1 As treatment. The concentrations of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were reduced by the high As levels. There was a concomitant increase in the As contents in shoots with higher As levels in the growth medium. The relationship between the concentrations of As and Fe and between P and Fe in the shoots was the opposite. Thus, higher As level might play a role in increasing the mobility of root Fe in barley tissues grown in Fe‐depleted medium. Grasses grown under Fe‐deficient conditions might not show Fe chlorosis in the presence of high concentrations of As.

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“…In the case of roots, As might destroy the root structure, resulting in a decreased root length. It is known that arsenite reacts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins of roots (Speer 1973) causing disruption of the root function (Isensee et al 1971;Orwick et al 1976) and even cellular death. Carbonell-Barrachina et al (1995) found that the height of tomato plants decreased at 2, 5 and 10 mg As L −1 treatments.…”

Section: Shoot Height and Root Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and mineralogical properties of arsenic-induced chlorosis in rice seedlings grown hydroponically

Shaibur

Kitajima²,

Sugawara³

et al. 2006

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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A hydroponic experiment was conducted to observe the effect of arsenic (As) on a number of physiological and mineralogical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Akihikari) seedlings. Seedlings were treated with 0, 6.7, 13.4 and 26.8 µmol L−1 As (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg As L−1) for 14 days in a greenhouse. Shoot dry matter yield decreased by 23, 56 and 64%; however, the values for roots were 15, 35 and 42% for the 6.7, 13.4 and 26.8 µmol L−1 As treatments, respectively. Shoot height decreased by 11, 35 and 43%, while that of the roots decreased by 6, 11 and 33%, respectively. These results indicated that the shoot was more sensitive to As than the root in rice. Leaf number and width of leaf blade also decreased with As toxicity. Arsenic toxicity induced chlorosis symptoms in the youngest leaves of rice seedlings by decreasing chlorophyll content. Concentrations and accumulations of K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu decreased significantly in shoots in the 26.8 µmol L−1 As treatment. However, the concentration of P increased in shoots at 6.7 and 13.4 µmol L−1 As levels, indicating a cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. Arsenic and Fe concentration increased in roots at higher As treatments. Arsenic translocation (%) decreased in the 13.4 and 26.8 µmol L−1 As treatments compared with the 6.7 µmol L−1 As treatment. Arsenic and Fe were mostly concentrated in the roots of rice seedlings, assuming co‐existence of these two elements. Roots contained an almost 8–16‐fold higher As concentration than shoots in plants in the As treatments. Considering the concentration of Mn, Zn and Cu, it was suggested that chlorosis resulted from Fe deficiency induced by As and not heavy‐metal‐induced Fe deficiency.

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Root Absorption and Translocation of Picloram by Oats and Soybeans

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Effect of arsenic on phytosiderophores and mineral nutrition of barley seedlings grown in iron-depleted medium

Physiological and mineralogical properties of arsenic-induced chlorosis in rice seedlings grown hydroponically

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Root Absorption and Translocation of Picloram by Oats and Soybeans

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of 14C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of 14C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Effect of arsenic on phytosiderophores and mineral nutrition of barley seedlings grown in iron-depleted medium

Physiological and mineralogical properties of arsenic-induced chlorosis in rice seedlings grown hydroponically

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Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues

Uptake, Cellular Distribution, and Metabolism of ¹⁴C‐picloram by Excised Plant Tissues