Root Anatomy and Growth of Capsicum frutescens L. on Verticulture with Different Watering Supply

Abstract

The rapid increase in human population reduces land productivity in urban areas. Verticulture is a way of planting in a vertical arrangement, such as for Capsicum frutescens L. This study aimed to examine the root anatomy and growth responses of C. frutescens L. due to different watering supply on verticulture technique. Fourteen days old seedlings were grown in polybags on the ground and into vertical pots made of paralon pipe. Watering supply was given for every day, once in 3 days, and once in 6 days for 35 days, at height of 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm. The decreases in root diameter, stele diameter, and xylem diameter, but increase the portion of cortex occurred in plants at 75 cm height on paralon pipe with 6 days time interval of watering supply compared to control plants grown at 0 cm height. Growth parameters showed the same trends, where plants at 75 cm height at the paralon received watering supply once in 6 days had less growth compared to control plants by decreasing in plant height, leaf number, length-width of leaves, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, while chlorophyll content and root length did not change. The optimal time interval of watering supply for growth on verticulture technique is 3 days, while the optimal height at the paralon was approximately 50 cm. The xylem was less developed in plants at higher position compared to the lower positon on the paralon pipe and this was more detected in plants with less time interval of watering supply. Decreasing plant growth occurs in conditions of water shortage and the higher position of plant on paralon.

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