Root Architecture and Plant Productivity

Lynch, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1104/pp.109.1.7

Cited by 1,580 publications

(1,134 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The stability and insolubility of these complexes, coupled with rapid adsorption of phosphate ions to clay and organic matter, results in phosphate concentrations of less than 10 mM in the soil solution (Bieleski and Ferguson, 1975;Holford, 1997). Consequently, plants have evolved strategies to enhance phosphate mobilization and acquisition by increased secretion of phosphatases, organic acids and protons (Duff et al, 1991;Dunlop and Gardiner, 1983;Lefebvre et al, 1990;Lipton et al, 1987), and by enhanced root growth and modi®cation of root architecture (Lynch, 1995;Mengel and Kirkby, 1987). In addition, the vast majority of land plants are able to form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bene®t from phosphate acquisition mediated by these fungi (Harrison, 1999;Smith and Read, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial expression patterns of a phosphate transporter (MtPT1) from Medicago truncatula indicate a role in phosphate transport at the root/soil interface

Chiou¹,

Liu²,

Harrison³

2001

The Plant Journal

185

145

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SummaryThe movement of phosphate from the soil into plant root cells is the ®rst of many crucial transport events required to supply phosphorous (P) to cells throughout the plant. In addition to the ability to acquire phosphate from the soil, the majority of the vascular plants are able to form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in which phosphate may be delivered to the cortex via a fungus. Previously, we cloned two phosphate transporter genes, MtPT1 and MtPT2 from Medicago truncatula roots. Complementation of a yeast phosphate transport mutant revealed that MtPT1 is a functional phosphate transporter and Northern analyses revealed that MtPT1 is expressed exclusively in roots (Liu et al., 1998, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 11, 14±22). Utilising an antibody speci®c for MtPT1, we have analysed the accumulation and spatial expression patterns of the MtPT1 transporter. MtPT1 transcript and protein levels show close correlation and increase dramatically in the roots in response to phosphate starvation. MtPT1 protein levels decrease in roots during development of a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, indicating that this transporter is not involved in symbiotic phosphate transport. Membrane fractionation and analysis of a MtPT1/GFP fusion protein revealed that MtPT1 is located in the plasma membrane, while in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation demonstrate the presence of MtPT1 transcripts and protein in the epidermal cells and root hairs of M. truncatula roots. MtPT1 shows expression patterns consistent with a role speci®cally in the acquisition of phosphate from the soil and is distinct from the other phosphate transporter of this class described to date.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial expression patterns of a phosphate transporter (MtPT1) from Medicago truncatula indicate a role in phosphate transport at the root/soil interface

Chiou¹,

Liu²,

Harrison³

2001

The Plant Journal

185

145

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“…Root architecture, morphology and physiology are key factors in plant productivity and can provide useful information for an appreciation of root nutrient absorbing capacity, especially in environments with low nutrient availability (Lynch 1995). Root system development can be analysed using various mathematical or developmental models (Tisserant et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Cruz

Green²,

Watson³

et al. 2003

Mycorrhiza

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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation on root morphology and nitrogen uptake capacity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) under high and low nutrient conditions. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement of presence/absence of mycorrhizal fungus inoculation (Glomus intraradices) and high/low nutrient status. Percent AM colonisation, nitrate and ammonium uptake capacity, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents were determined in 3-month-old seedlings. Grayscale and colour images were used to study root morphology and topology, and to assess the relation between root pigmentation and physiological activities. AM colonisation lead to a higher allocation of biomass to white and yellow parts of the root. Inorganic nitrogen uptake capacity per unit root length and nitrogen content were greatest in AM colonised plants grown under low nutrient conditions. A better match was found between plant nitrogen content and biomass accumulation, than between plant phosphorus content and biomass accumulation. It is suggested that the increase in nutrient uptake capacity of AM colonised roots is dependent both on changes in root morphology and physiological uptake potential. This study contributes to an understanding of the role of AM fungi and root morphology in plant nutrient uptake and shows that AM colonisation improves the nitrogen nutrition of plants, mainly when growing at low levels of nutrients.

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“…This observation is not surprising because the uptake, transport, and allocation mechanisms for P and N are very similar in plants (Feild & Brodribb, 2001; Jeschke, Kirkby, Peuke, Pate, & Hartung, 1997; Kilgore, Patel, Sharma, Maya, & Kielhorn, 2014; Lynch, 1995; Mimura, 1995; Niklas et al., 2005; Schachtman, Reid, & Ayling, 1998). However, our results also show that seedling P content scales isometrically with N content across the four species, whereas prior studies report that a ⅔ scaling exponent for P versus N across large plants (Han, Fang, Guo, & Zhang, 2005; Niklas, 2006; Niklas et al., 2005; Reich et al., 2010; Wright et al., 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Divergent scaling of respiration rates to nitrogen and phosphorus across four woody seedlings between different growing seasons

Fan

Sun

Yang

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Empirical studies indicate that the exponents governing the scaling of plant respiration rates (R) with respect to biomass (M) numerically vary between three‐fourth for adult plants and 1.0 for seedlings and saplings and are affected by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content. However, whether the scaling of R with respect to M (or N and P) varies among different phylogenetic groups (e.g., gymnosperms vs. angiosperms) or during the growing and dormant seasons remains unclear. We measured the whole‐plant R and M, and N and P content of the seedlings of four woody species during the growing season (early October) and the dormant season (January). The data show that (i) the scaling exponents of R versus M, R versus N, and R versus P differed significantly among the four species, but (ii), not between the growing and dormant seasons for each of the four species, although (iii) the normalization constants governing the scaling relationships were numerically greater for the growing season compared to the dormant season. In addition, (iv) the scaling exponents of R versus M, R versus N, and R versus P were numerically larger for the two angiosperm species compared to those of the two gymnosperm species, (v) the interspecific scaling exponents for the four species were greater during the growing season than in the dormant season, and (vi), interspecifically, P scaled nearly isometric with N content. Those findings indicate that the metabolic scaling relationships among R, M, N, and P manifest seasonal variation and differ between angiosperm and gymnosperm species, that is, there is no single, canonical scaling exponent for the seedlings of woody species.

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Root Architecture and Plant Productivity

Cited by 1,580 publications

References 15 publications

The spatial expression patterns of a phosphate transporter (MtPT1) from Medicago truncatula indicate a role in phosphate transport at the root/soil interface

The spatial expression patterns of a phosphate transporter (MtPT1) from Medicago truncatula indicate a role in phosphate transport at the root/soil interface

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Divergent scaling of respiration rates to nitrogen and phosphorus across four woody seedlings between different growing seasons

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